Chapter 3 + 4

Nervous System

Dura mater

thick, tough layer of connective tissue separating the softer meninges from the brain and cranial bones

Arachnoid mater

loose mesh of protein fibers. it is found between the dura and pia mater and clearly seen between the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. the space between contains CSF

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

pia mater

thin, delicate almost transparent membrane adhering to the gyri, sulci, and other external structures of the brain

cerebral cortex (cerebrum)

cerebrum is divided into two hemisphere (right and left) and divided into four lobes

longitudinal fissue

separates the right and left hemispheres

corpus callosum

white matter allowing information to be transmitted rapidly between the hemispheres

lateral ventricles

seen as chambers within the hemispheres containing CSF

thalamus

switchboard that routes the information to the cerebrumh

hypothalamus

tissue just below the thalamus used in hormone secretion and help regulate autonomic functions

midbrain

midbrain forms the top of the brain stem and sits between the diencephalon and pons

pons

relays information vetween the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla. helps to regulate autonomic functions

cerebellum

help control skeletal muscles during things that are muscle memory. cerebellum is also made of a right and left hemisphere

fourth ventricle

CSF flows from third ventricle to the fourth found between cerebellum and pons. fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal of the spinal cord

medulla oblongata

structure at the base of the brain stem containing nerves that travel to and from the spinal cord

cranium

the skull and it is made of 8 bones

sutures

special joints that connect the cranium

frontal bone

largest most superior bone of the skull visible at the front

nasal bones

a pair of nasal bones form the bridge of the nose

maxilla

forms the upper jaw

zygomatic bone

lateral to the maxilla are the cheek bones

lacrimal bone

visible on the medial wall of the orbit, includes a small lacrimal groove

sphenoid bone

ethmoid bone

superior portion of the septem perpendicular to the plane of the ethmoid bone

vomer bone

inferior-most portion of the septum

inferior nasal conchae

the bumps in the lower part of the nasal cavity

mandible

the lower jaw

parietal bone

the largest bone visible laterally

sagittal suture

joing the left and right parietal bones

coronal suture

joins the parietal bones to the frontal bone

sphenoid bone

a portion of the sphenoid bone is visible inferior to the frontal bone and posterior to the zygomatic bone

temporal bone

largest flat bone posterior to the sphenoid bone and inferior to the parietal bone

squamous suture

connects the temporal bone to the parietal bone

external acoustic meatus

the opening to the ear

mastoid process

posterior to the meatus is this bony process, you can feel as a rounded bump behind your ears

occipital bone

seen on the posterior skull

lamboid suture

joins the occipital bone and parietal bones

external occipital protuberance

the bump in the middle of the occipital bone

palatine bone

form the posterior edge of the hard plate

acronym

OOOTTAFVGVAH

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

olfactory (I)

smell, sensory, foramina of cribriform

optic (II)

vision, sensory, optic canal

oculomotor (III)

eye movement, motor, superior orbital fissure

trochlear (IV)

medial eye movement, motor, superior orbital fissure

trigeminal (V)

chewing, both

abducens (VI)

lateral eye movement, motor, superior orbital fissure

facial (VII)

sensation, both, internal acoustic meatus

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

hearing and balance, sensory, internal acoustic meatus

glossopharyngeal (IX)

salivation, both, jugular foramen

vagus (X)

speech, both, jugular foramen

accessory (XI)

muscles: pharynx, motor, jugular foramen

hypoglossal (XII)

tongue muscle, motor, hypoglossal canal