DE Gov test 1

What are the core democratic principles

Free and fair elections (civic participation), Civil Rights (equal protection of the law), Civil Liberties (limited government), Majority rules w/ minority rights, independent legislature (unencumbered representation), independent judiciary (rule of law)

The second continental congress

“First” effective government.

May 1775

Declared independence, mobilized army, organized a government, rallied 13 colonies around one cause

July 4, 1776

Congress voted for the adoption of the declaration of independence as a statement towards the world

AOC drafted and ratified dates

drafted Nov 15th 1777 ratified march 1 1781

constitution drafted and ratified dates (3 answers)

drafted Sept 17th 1787 june 21 1788 new Hampshire 9th state to ratify, march 4 1789 officially replace AOC

What was needed in congress to change the AOC (2 answers)

9 votes needed to pass; any changes to the AOC required unanimous approval

4 problems with the AOC

Country in debt but getting no tax revuenue (states collect the taxes); Unanimous approval needed to raise taxes 5% on imports) everyone agreed except RI; state governments dominated by legislatures; weak national government couldn’t stand up to forigen powers

Shay’s rebellion

Farmers protested high taxes and interest rates, took muskets and shut down courthouses to stop foreclosers on farms(got shut down eventually) Shows the need for there to be more power and strucutre in the government

What type of Congress was established under the articles and what does that mean what happened after the constitution was established

Unicameral congress → law making with one house

constitution wanted to increase strength to congress → required making congress bicameral because framers thought one branch would be too strong

Federalists

support constitution → strong central gov

george wash, benji

federalist papers to sell constitution to public and push delegate to ratify.

federalist No. 10 and No. 51

antifederalists

opposed constitution

scared constitution would ruin people and state rights

did not trust strong elites

BRUTUS No. 1

Principles of american government

seperation of power: disburites powers across different institutions

Checks and balances: each branch can prevent the other from making a policy

Federalism: sharing of power between central gov and states

Brutus 1

Once people easily give power but people who have that power will almost never give it up voluntarily and the federal government would have absolute power.

Federalist No. 51

Seperation of power and checks and balances are the keys because without that the national government would grow more and more distant from the people and attempt to oppress them.

Federalist 10

Idea of factionalism: government structure must be well constructed and large so that it can defend against factions and upheaval

Compromises that enabled the raification of the consituition

The great Connecticut compromise: Virginia plan as structure; senate two members from each state elected by state legislature→ bicameral fixed disagreement over representation

Electoral college

Three fifths compromise: also has the fugtative slave clause

Bill of rights

Virginia Plan

favored large states, made by madison, strong central gov, bicameral, each state get rep based on population, voters choose house members, house picks senators from list of nominations from state legislatures. Congress gets powers from articles and power to make laws for states (power over states) single executive executes national laws, supreme court with lower courts

New Jersey Plan

Strong central gov but → congress unicameral and states have equal votes; congress chooses several people to serve in executive branch; supreme court appointed by executive branch - regulated trade among states; states cant make laws contrary to laws of congress

Virginia declaration of rights - george mason

all virginians should have certain rights - basis of bill of rights

virginia stature for religious freedom - tj

everyone worship as they want - first time religious freedom protected under law → basis of first amendment