chapter 8 AS

What are the major types of DSM-5 eating disorders?

Bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

What is a binge in eating disorders?

Eating excess amounts of food in a discrete period of time while feeling that the eating is uncontrollable.

Example of a binge

Consuming a large amount of high-calorie, sugary foods in secret while feeling a sense of shame or loss of control.

What are the key characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa?

Binges accompanied by compensatory behaviors (like purging, excessive exercise, or fasting) and an excessive concern with body shape and weight.

Example of Bulimia Nervosa

Eating a large amount of food and then immediately purging or excessively exercising to prevent weight gain, while staying within 10% of normal body weight.

What are the key characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa?

Extreme weight loss, severe restriction of calorie intake, an intense fear of weight gain, and body image distortion.

Example of Anorexia Nervosa

Restricting food intake drastically below energy requirements because of a distorted body image, believing you are overweight despite being dangerously thin.

Why don't individuals with Anorexia Nervosa often seek treatment on their own?

They do not believe or recognize that they are too thin.

Example of Anorexia Nervosa treatment reluctance

Refusing to go to a doctor because you believe your extremely low weight is still "too fat".

What is the first goal of treatment for Anorexia Nervosa?

Restoration of body weight to at least the lower part of the healthy range.

Example of Anorexia Nervosa initial treatment

Admitting to a hospital or treatment center specifically to safely restore body weight and stabilize vital organs.

What is Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)?

Characterized by recurrent binge eating without associated compensatory behaviors like purging.

Example of Binge-Eating Disorder

Consuming excess amounts of pizza with feelings of distress or guilt, but without engaging in purging or fasting.

What is the difference between Binge-Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa?

Binge-eating disorder involves recurrent binge eating without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise seen in bulimia nervosa.

What factor is considered one of the strongest contributions to the etiology of eating disorders?

Sociocultural influences, such as societal pressures and Western standards for female attractiveness.

Example of eating disorders etiology

Developing an eating disorder driven by media, social networking, and cultural pressures to achieve an unrealistic thin ideal.

Where are eating disorders more frequently diagnosed?

In Westernized countries and among non-Western women after they move to Western countries.

Example of cross-cultural eating disorder prevalence

Higher prevalence rates found in Western cultures compared to traditional non-Western societies.

What is the treatment of choice for Bulimia Nervosa?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), focusing on distorted evaluations of body shape and maladaptive dieting attempts.

Example of Bulimia Nervosa treatment

Working with a therapist to address distorted body shape evaluations and stopping strict dieting cycles through CBT.

What does early treatment for Bulimia Nervosa often involve?

Establishing regular eating patterns, including small, frequent meals.

Example of early bulimia treatment plan

Scheduling structured, small, and frequent meals throughout the day to prevent the cycle of deprivation and bingeing.

What are effective treatments for Binge Eating Disorder (BED)?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy, and self-help techniques.

Example of BED treatment

Using guided self-help books or CBT sessions to successfully reduce binge episodes and emotional distress.