End of the Republic

republic

A government where people elect leaders is called a __________.

Plebeians

The common people of Rome, many of them poor, were called __________.

Patricians

The rich, powerful people who held the main government jobs were called __________.

Patricians controlled the money of the Republic and directed its __________.

wars

In the 100s BC, farmers began to fall into poverty and __________.

debt

Farmers had been fighting in the Roman wars, leaving nobody to tend to their __________.

fields (or farms)

Some farms were destroyed by the __________.

Carthaginians

With no crops, farmers could not pay back their __________.

loans

On wealthy farmers’ lands, __________ from the wars served as workers.

prisoners

As small farms shut down, thousands of people left the countryside and went to the __________.

city

Paying jobs were very __________ to find.

hard

Leaders began offering cheap food and __________ for the poor.

entertainment

Many Roman rulers used the “__________ and circuses” policy to stay in power.

bread

Two government officials who tried to protect the poor were Tiberius and Gaius __________.

Gracchus

The Tiberius and Gaiu Gracchus brothers wanted to stop the wealthy from taking over small __________.

farms

The Tiberius and Gaiu Gracchus brothers urged Senators to give some __________ to the poor.

land

A group of senators killed Tiberius in __________ BC.

133

Twelve years later, __________ was murdered.

Gaius Gracchus

The people charged with making and upholding the laws constantly __________ the laws.

broke

Eventually, __________ wanted power in government.

generals

__________ came to power in 107 BC and wanted to provide more opportunities for the poor.

Marius

Marius led the shift to a __________ army, promising soldiers wages and land.

professional

Soldiers became more loyal to their __________ than to the Republic.

general

__________ named himself dictator in 82 BC.

Sulla

Sulla reduced the power of tribunes and gave senators more __________.

responsibilities

After Sulla, Rome fell into __________ for the next 50 years.

conflict

One big reason the Republic declined was that soldiers were loyal to generals, not to __________.

Rome (or the Republic)

What is a republic? A. A government with a king who has total power B. A government where people elect leaders C. A government run only by soldiers

B. A government where people elect leaders.

Who were the Plebeians? A. Rich, powerful people B. Common people, many of them poor C. Soldiers from Carthage

B. Common people, many of them poor.

Who were the Patricians? A. Rich, powerful people who held main government jobs B. Poor farmers with little power C. Prisoners from wars

A. Rich, powerful people who held main government jobs.

Why did many Roman farmers fall into poverty and debt? A. They had to fight in wars, so no one took care of their fields B. They refused to farm C. The government gave all their land away

A. They had to fight in wars, so no one took care of their fields.

What happened to some farms in the 100s BC? A. They were destroyed by the Carthaginians B. They were turned into schools C. They were given to Plebeians for free

A. They were destroyed by the Carthaginians.

Why did small farms have trouble after the wars? A. Rich farmers used prisoners from wars as workers B. Small farms had too many workers C. The poor were not allowed to farm

A. Rich farmers used prisoners from wars as workers.

Where did many people go after small farms shut down? A. To the countryside B. To the city C. To Carthage

B. To the city.

What was the “bread and circuses” policy? A. Giving free food and entertainment to the poor to stay in power B. Giving land to Senators C. Making soldiers pay for food

A. Giving free food and entertainment to the poor to stay in power.

Who were the two Roman reformers who tried to help the poor? A. Marius and Sulla B. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus C. Caesar and Carthage

B. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.

What did Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus want to do? A. Stop the rich from taking over small farms and give some land to the poor B. Make the army stronger C. Give all power to the Senators

A. Stop the rich from taking over small farms and give some land to the poor.

What happened to Tiberius Gracchus in 133 BC? A. He was killed by a group of Senators B. He became dictator C. He was made king

A. He was killed by a group of Senators.

What happened to Gaius Gracchus? A. He was murdered 12 years after Tiberius B. He became a general C. He was elected king

A. He was murdered 12 years after Tiberius.

What did Marius do in 107 BC? A. He moved Rome to a professional army B. He killed Tiberius C. He made himself king

A. He moved Rome to a professional army.

In a professional army, who were soldiers more loyal to? A. Their general B. The Republic C. The Plebeians

A. Their general.

What did Sulla do in 82 BC? A. He named himself dictator B. He gave all land to the poor C. He ended the army

A. He named himself dictator.

What did Sulla do to the government? A. He reduced the power of tribunes and gave Senators more responsibilities B. He gave more power to the Plebeians C. He made Tiberius leader

A. He reduced the power of tribunes and gave Senators more responsibilities.

Which problem helped weaken the Roman Republic? A. Soldiers were more loyal to generals than to Rome B. Farmers had too much land C. The poor had too much power

A. Soldiers were more loyal to generals than to Rome.

Did Roman leaders of this time make good governing decisions for the poor? A. Yes, all leaders helped the poor equally B. No, many used food and shows for power, and reformers were killed C. Yes, they ended all poverty

B. No, many used food and shows for power, and reformers were killed.

Which is the correct timeline order? A. Tiberius killed → Marius comes to power → Sulla becomes dictator B. Sulla becomes dictator → Tiberius killed → Marius comes to power C. Marius comes to power → Sulla becomes dictator → Tiberius killed

A. Tiberius killed → Marius comes to power → Sulla becomes dictator. Timeline: 133 BC → 107 BC → 82 BC

What is one main reason the Roman Republic declined? A. Rich and poor were divided, and generals fought for power B. Rome had no farmers C. Carthage took over Rome

A. Rich and poor were divided, and generals fought for power.

Reformer

A person who wants to change things to make them better.

Dictator

A ruler with total power.

Professional army

Soldiers who are paid to fight all the time.

Bread and circuses

Free food and shows used to keep people calm and keep leaders in power.