graft&corruption

SALN (Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth)

A declaration of a government employee's assets and liabilities submitted annually.

Bidding

The proper process of acquiring a project from the government.

Public Bidding

An effective method of procurement for equipment or services from suppliers or contractors at the lowest and best quality.

State Capture

The influence of politicians on important government decisions to promote personal interests.

Transparency International

A non-governmental organization based in Berlin, Germany, established in 1993 to combat global corruption.

Bureaucracy

The structure and set of policies that control the activities of individuals working for large organizations or government.

Law Enforcement System

A system where law enforcers act in an organized way to investigate, prevent, pursue, or punish those who violate societal standards and policies.

Tax Evasion

The illegal practice of not paying taxes owed.

Ghost Projects and Employees

Non-existent projects or employees that are created to siphon off public funds.

Delayed and Overpriced Projects

Projects that are completed later than agreed and charged at excessive costs.

Evasion of Public Bidding

Avoiding the proper public bidding process to award contracts.

Nepotism or Favoritism

The practice of giving jobs and opportunities to relatives or friends regardless of their qualifications.

Extortion

The act of obtaining money, assets, or services through coercion.