Biochemistry Lecture 21: The Role of Lipogenesis in Cancer Metabolism

Liver

lipogenesis occurs mostly in the _________, but sometimes happens in adipose tissue

De Novo Lipogenesis

this is only a minor contributor to overall lipid content in many adults, as most people get their lipids from diet

Cancer

this is known as out of control cell growth caused by mutations, could be caused from other mutations, certain viruses, certain compounds such as tobacco smoke

Nucleotides, Proteins, Lipids, Energy

these things are all needed when cells are growing to a bad amount

Warburg Effect

this is the effect saying that most of the glucose is not converted into Pyruvate, rather directed to the pentose phosphate pathway in rapidly dividing cells and cancer cells, and the pyruvate that is made is converted to Lactate

Glutamine (Glutamate)

most of the citrate is made for rapidly dividing cells by going backward in the citric acid cycle, eventually originating from this amino acid

citrate

Lactate from the pyruvate can also be converted into this, eventually granting Acetyl CoA for Lipogenesis

Increased

Lipogenesis is almost always _____________ in cancer cells, and this is usually correlated with a poor prognosis

isn't

Targetting lipogenesis for cancer treatment is very helpful, because lipogenesis ______(is/isn't) required for most normal cells, allowing proper targeting for tumor cells

siRNA

this is the molecule that the researchers used to target Acetyl CoA Carboxylase and Fatty Acid Synthase in the breast tumor cell lines, and when they bind to the mRNA of the certain coding RNA it is targeting, it cleaves it

Down

The main takeaway from this figgure is that when the siRNA for each respective enzyme is applied, the amount of that enzyme goes _______________(up/down)

Down

The main takeaway from this figure is that when the siRNA for each respective enzyme is applied, the amount of that enzyme goes _____________(up/down)

Increase

The main takeaway from this figure is that when the siRNA is applied to Fatty acid synthase and the Acetyl CoA Carboxylase, the levels of apoptosis, ROS, and hypoploidy (markers of the cells not doing well/dying) ____________(increase/decrease) in cancer cells

Decreases, stays the same

The main takeaway from this figure is that when the siRNA is applied to the two enzymes, the amount of new palmitate ___________(increases/decreases) after those are applied, but the amount of exxisting palimate _____________(increases/decreases/stays the same)

Not present, ACC

The main takeaway from this figure is that when using the siRNA for ACC on a mutant gene for ACC, the effects from the siRNA are ______________(present/not present), meaning that the effects from the siRNA are specifically targeting _________ and not some other molecule or confounding variable

Went away

The main takeaway from this figure is that when new palmitate was added to the cancer cells treated with the siRNA from ACC and FAS, the effects of the cancer cells dying _____________(stayed the same, went away)

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

the main takeaway from the study that we discussed is that this molecule could be a valid therapeutic target in breast cancer

Fatty Acid Synthase, Citrate Lyase

besides ACC, these are two other enzymes that could plausibly be targeted for breast cancer treatment