biology - cells
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40 Terms
what are mitochondria
small organelles found in animal and plant cells
what is the function of the mitochondria
site of respiration
what is a ribosome
tiny organelle found in animal and plant cells
what is the function of the ribosome
making proteins
what is a membrane bound organelle
an organelle with its own membrane
give three examples of membrane bound organelles
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast
what is a eukaryotic cell
cells that have membrane bound organelles
in a eukaryotic cell, where is DNA found?
in the nucleus
give two examples of eukaryotic cells
animal and plant cells
what is a prokaryotic cell?
Cells that have no membrane bound organelles
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
bacteria cell
what is a plasmid
a tiny loop of DNA
what is cell differentiation?
the process by which a cell becomes specialised
what are stem cells?
undifferentiated cells
where are stem cells found in plants?
meristematic regions
where are stem cells found in animals?
bone marrow and embryos
how do you calculate magnification?
magnification = image size / actual size
what does focus mean
making an image sharp enough to be viewed
How do you focus an image using microscope?
by turning the focusing knob
How do you record an image from a microscope?
draw what can be seen through the eyepiece
what is resolution?
the ability to distinguish between two points
Which type of microscope has the highest resolution?
an electron microscope
what is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?
about x2000
what is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?
about 2,000,000
what is the name of the specialised cell carrying male DNA for reproduction?
sperm cell
Why does a sperm cell contain many mitochondria?
to provide energy from respiration for swimming
why does a sperm cell have a long tail?
to swim to the egg
what is found in the acrosome in the head of the sperm?
digestive enzymes
why does the sperm head contain digestive enzymes?
to break down the wall of the egg cell
what is the name of the specialised cell in the stem of the plant carrying water?
xylem
how is a xylem cell specialised?
dead hollow tubes, rings of lignin
what is the name of the specialised cell in the stem of the work transporting sugar?
phloem
how is a phloem cell specialised
supported by companion cells, sieve plates between cells
What is diffusion?
the net movement of particles in a fluid from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
give two example of diffusion in the human body
Gas exchange in lungs, absorption in the small intestine
What is a concentration gradient?
A difference in concentration between two regions
what four factors affect the rate of diffusion
temperature, concentration gradient, surface area, diffusion distance
what is the effect of increased temperature on rate of diffusion?
increased
what is the effect of increased surface area on rate of diffusion?
increased
what is the effect of increased diffusion distance on rate of diffusion?
decreased