parliament and the court

What was the problems of Stuart kings

Often short of cash therefore relied on parliamentary funds to call upon to provide them with money

Which often led to conflict when parliament aired their grievances

What were the four parliaments James called upon

1. Blessed parliament 1604-1610

2. Addled parliament 1614

3. 3rd Parliament of king kames I

4. 4th Parliament of king James I

Under 1604 what did James want for England and Scotland

• wanted to pass laws to recognise full union with England and Scotland but Parliament blocked the union due to of English prejudice

How do parliament push their privilege under the Goodwin vs fortesque issue

• - following debates another election followed stating it was parliaments privilege to judge in elections

• At end of 1604 session commons published “the form of apology of satisfaction” statement of their position showing its concerns that their power was threatened

• Overall strengthened commons claim and privilege in court and elections

1606 session

• following gunpowder plot James and parliament agreed on stricter Catholic laws

• Taxation : Parliament granted subsidy of £400,000

• Imposition following bates case summing up their rights - MPs wrote apology of House of Commons

1607- what was the significance of purveyance

• House of lords stated system should end and kimg should be granted £50k per year which commons disagreed on offering £20k whilst some mps believed no compensation

• James believed this was a threat against royal prerogative nd was his royal right so no agreement made

1607- Scotland and England Union - was it success

Again , James asked Parliament to pass laws for Scottish-English Union yet Parliament continued to refuse

1610- financial problems , why did James dissolve parliament

• great contract failed

• Parliament criticised James for his impositions and extravagance on royal household

• Criticised James royal officers collecting extra custom duties ( impositions ) on goods resulting in James dissolving it due to criticism

1614 - vote of subsidies under addled Parliament

• James needed money to fund son funeral (Henry) and daughters marriage

• House of Commons published petition over impositions and voted no subsidies for James

• Resulted in James dissolving the addled Parliament

What was the importance of the addled parliament

only lasted a few weaks and achieved nothing

When did James next call parliament after addled

1621

1621 - what were monopolies

The exclusive right to sell a particular product which were meant to be for new products but believed to become corrupt way of rewarding courtiers

• as a result monopolies were impeached ( thrown out the office )

How was parliament significant under the thirty years of war

• James allowed them to discuss foreign policy

• Escalated in 3rd December as advised James what to do about FP which angered him as belieged shoukdnt meddle into prerogative matters

18th replied they had privilege of free speech

What was parliament Protestantism and how did this cause issues

• 18th December passed: stating had privileged if free speech to debate issues especially over foreign policy

• James was concerned they were trying to extend rights and not actually passing useful laws causing him to dissolve it again

What happened under 1624 parliament

• At this point James was ill so Charles and Buckingham has increased power

• Monopolies still seem as corrupt , resulting in a parliamentary attack on vat field who had previously been effective hut limiting James expenditure and free gifts made him unpopular → statute of monopolies passed making monopolies more on new inventions illegal

• War funding : willing to fund the war but had to be naval , whilst James believed a land war was needed , despite this turned out ti expensive

1624- did parliament fund war

What was the issue if war funds

• was willing to fund the war yet only a naval war which James initially wanted land war

• James was already in debt if one million in which Parliament ignored and only granted £300,000

• This was unsufficient for a attack in spain so James avoided the war

What was the Goodwin vs fortesque problem

• was a dispute over election of mp of buckhamigshire - fortesque defeated by Goodwin yet kings office declared Goodwin as invalid due to unpaid debts he owed

• Commons and kings both had arguments over their rights as commons traditionally judges if elections not kings office

THE COURT

…

Why did sale of titles happen

Cecil died in 1612 so government attempt to make money

What was the sale of titles

• began selling knighthoods

• £1000 for hereditary title of baronet

• Selling earl dorms

Why did 1612 sa,e of titles fail

• baronet title: only 200 sold, lost their prestige as ba,je Fell 1611 = £1000 1622: £220

• Sale of earldorms - money fell into hands of courtiers

• This overall angered many as title been bestowed and lost value

What was the cockayne project 1614

1614

• sir William cockayne launched project to set up dyeing industry rather exporting undyed cloth to north eu where it would be sold to Dutch at higher price

  
  

• given promised increased £40,000 year from increased customs aswell as more job opportunities for people

Result of cockayne project

• Dutch angered and believed was a threat to their cloth industry so banned cloth imports

• Causing many to go bankrupt , weavers rioted

• 1617 James banned this project

Who was crandield and his link to finance 1618-24

Lord treasurer 1621

• atemoted to obtain money as much as possible through existing revenue

• He increased royal income to £80 k and cut payments of gifts and pensions despite backlash from court (James favs)

• Obtained declaration that James had no grants of lands or pensions allowances without treasury approval

How was crandield a benefit to finance for the crown

• attempted to cut James unnecessary extravagance spending as financial state was unstable which James was irresponsible for

• Attempted to make crowns income more reliable rather relying on selling lands

• Despite this James continued spending showing how cranfields success was limited

What happened regarding finance under earl of Suffolk

• he was charged with corruption by 1618 after appointed in 1614

• Built audley end which cost £80,000 which was for lord treasurer

• While he was in control crowns debt doubled £500,000 to £90,000

• Dismissed 1618

What was the court

• made of kings most loyal advisors and centre of power

• Privy council ( bureaucratic part )

• gentlemen if bedchamber (more prestigious part)

Who were the gentlemen of the bedchamber

Most prostegious part of the court

Made of his most loyal and trusted men who was spend time with him at most intimate moments and had influence over king

What was patronage significance

• key to a “successful life”

• Required patrons who was so,eone would ork for or give money to , to advance for ur interests with privy council ere or even king

How did parliament react to patronage

• caused conflict and controversy

• Any of those who promoted James absolutist tendencies or had Catholic connections resented if in parliament

• The patronage system would come with tax farming and monopoles which Parliament would use to say kings government as corrupt

Who was Robert carr

• one of James favourites who was made gentlemen of bedchamber and James fell in love with and following this had rapid ride in patronage

• Married frances Howard - allowed by a divorce James permitted demonstrating the influence he could excercise at court

• Both faced trial as she poisoned Overbury, who resented their marriage in which carr

• Overall shows corrupt of royal favs as rapidly rose in power under favouritism yet fell and created resentment,ent amongst other politicians

Who was Robert Cecil

1605- earl of Salisbury (state security )

• some abundance to say he orchestrated whole gunpowder plot in order to convince James to enforce stricter Catholic measures and should be thrown out the country

Who was the Duke of Buckingham (George villers )

• earl of Buckingham by 1617 becoming kings new fav and added to privy council ere

• 1618- marquess of Buckingham

• 1615 knighted and gentlemen of bedchamber

• 1623- highest ranks of duke

• 1616-28 was his era of power as court patronage under his influence and became close to James sons

• Overall showing how royal favourites was corrupted due to rapid rise in power

Why was Buckingham significant

Patronage: was given land titles , financial rewards and supporters benefitted created powerful network

FP: accompanied Charles to negotiate Spanish match but when failed supported anti Spanish policy

Impact on parliament : contributed to tensions between crown and parl and mps criticised the extent of his influence and accused him of corruption and excessive use of patronage

Finance: benefitted from patronage including grants and offices which contributed to criticism that crown as using royal resource to reward favourites rather addressing financial problems

What was the Howard faction

• apart of the court yet was converted from Catholicism showing corrupt of court s parliament against Catholicism (Catholic sympathisers )

What was the Howard faction

Pro-Spanish family within privy council as Catholic sympathisers

• tensions within court as opposed idea of James summoning parliament as encouraged king to act in prerogative

• Rival Protestant faction within court advised James to call parliament

Why was Howard faction viewed as corrupt

• Catholic sympathisers

• Formed a pro Spanish faction that desired better treatment of catholics

• Played upon kings desire for peace in Europe

• Opposed by anti Spanish group who wanted to persuade Protestant foreign policy