Chapter 5, Part II: China — The Way of Order and Harmony

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the major philosophical traditions, historical figures, dynasties, and artistic developments in Ancient China from Chapter 5, Part II.

Confucianism

A philosophy emphasizing social order, morality, duty, and proper relationships.

Daoism

A philosophy emphasizing nature, effortless being, and living according to the Dao.

Confucius

Chinese philosopher (551–479 BCE) who emphasized morality, social order, and proper behavior.

The Analects

The collection of Confucius's teachings compiled by his students.

Ren

Benevolence, kindness, and compassion toward others.

Li

Rituals, manners, and proper social conduct.

Filial piety

Respect and devotion toward one's parents and ancestors.

Laozi

Chinese philosopher traditionally associated with the 6th century BCE who taught living in harmony with nature.

Dao De Jing

An important Daoist text, also known as The Way and Its Power, associated with Laozi.

Dao

The natural Way; the natural order or flow of the universe.

Wu wei

Non-striving; effortless action; allowing things to happen naturally rather than forcing outcomes.

Yin

A quiet, receptive, and passive complementary force that creates balance.

Yang

An active, structured, and energetic complementary force that creates balance.

Shihuangdi

First emperor of a unified China (221 BCE) who established centralized imperial rule using Legalism.

Legalism

A philosophy emphasizing strict laws and punishments, utilized by Shihuangdi during the Qin Dynasty.

Terracotta Army

A vast collection of sculptures commissioned by Shihuangdi to guard his tomb.

Han Dynasty

Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) that embraced Confucian values, expanded education, and introduced civil service examinations.

Xie He

Art theorist who developed the Six Canons of Painting as principles for evaluating and creating art.

Six Canons of Painting

Principles developed by Xie He for evaluating and creating Chinese art.

Fan Kuan

Chinese landscape painter famous for creating Travelers Among Mountains and Streams.

Travelers Among Mountains and Streams

A famous landscape painting by Fan Kuan that emphasizes the vastness and power of nature over tiny human figures.