Unit 5 learning notes

classical conditioning

a neutral stimulus is associated with a natural response

operant conditioning

a response is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment

observational learning

learning occurs through observational and imitation of others

-also called social learning

two types of modeling

prosocial and antisocial

prosocial effect

influences positive, constructive, or helpful behavior

antisocial effect

-may lead to more aggression, bullying, reinforce gender roles in a negative way, etc.

modeling

process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

mirror neurons

fire when performing certain actions or feeling empathy or ability to imitate

vicarious conditioning

learning things through observing the reactions, attitudes, and emotions of others rather than direct exposure

insight learning

sudden and novel realization of the solution to a problem

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

cognitive map

mental representation of the layout of one’s environment