Nutrition Exam 2 - UPDATED

Most of the sodium in the US diet comes from processed foods rather than from the saltshaker.

True

Mild dehydration is defined as a loss of less than 5% body weight.

True

There is a correlation between high salt intake in people and high rates of hypertension.

True

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body.

True

What percentage of an adult's body is water?

60%

Which of the following organ systems plays the primary role in maintaining acid-base balance?

Kidneys

Which of the following foods is low in sodiium?

Fresh carrots

Which of these foods is richest in potassium?

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Calcium is found in the most abundance in:

Milk

The percentage of dietary iron is normally absorbed is about:

10-15%

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is:

Iron

In order to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal, you would:

Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it is:

ADH (aldosterone)

A person must have water in his or her diet:

Because the kidneys must excrete a minimum amount of water as urine to rid the body of wastes

In regard to caffeine, the DRI committee determined that:

Caffeinated beverages contribute to daily total water intake, similarly to non-caffeinated beverages

The primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume is:

Sodium

The UL (upper limit) for sodium intake for adults is set at:

2300 mg

Osteoporosis is found in:

older women; they have porous, thin and fragile bones

The best advice to give a healthy person eating a typical diet who is considering a supplement to improve his or her health are:

Spend your money on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and milk products instead

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing:

Dental decay

Because weight loss during pregnancy is not recommended, even obese women are advised to gain between 25 and 35 pounds for the best chance of delivering a healthy infant.

False

An infant who nurses every two to three hours and sleeps contently between feedings is adequately nourished.

True

Human breast milk contains less protein than cow's milk, bit this is actually beneficial because it places less stress on the infant's immature kidneys.

True

A low-birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting disease and dying early in life.

True

Individual food cravings during pregnancy often reflect real physiological needs of the pregnant women.

False

A physician has recommended that a pregnant mother take a daily multivitamin-mineral supplement to support nutrient intake during pregnancy. This type of supplement typically contains more of which elements designed for prenatal nutrition:

Folic acid, iron, and calcium

A pregnant woman wants to continue to exercise throughout her pregnancy. What activity would be most appropriate to recomment?

Swimming

Breastfeeding has been shown to have which benefit for the nursing infant?

Reduced risk of SIDS

Carrie's infant son can be expected to need about how many feedings per a 24-hour period during the first month or so?

8-12 feedings

The American Academy of Pediatrics' position on alcohol consumption and pregnancy is that ________.

Women should not drink any amount of alcohol while pregnant

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is ________.

The infant's birthweight

Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via the ________.

Placenta

A pregnant woman's daily energy needs increased by ________ kcalories in the second trimester, and ________ kcalories in the third trimester.

340, 450

Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant women in order to ________.

Fuel the fetal brain and spare protein needed for fetal growth

An obese woman should gain ________ pounds during pregnancy.

11-20 pounds

The warning signs of preeclampsia include ________.

Hypertension, edema, and protein in the urine

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics support exclusive breastfeeding until an infant is ________ months old.

6

In order to best protect herself against dehydration, a lactating woman is advised to drink ________ of fluid per day.

13 cups

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is ________.

Iron-fortified infant formula

The ideal time for the first breastfeeding is ________.

Immediately after delivery

Carrie will most likely be successful with breastfeeding if she follows which practice?

Breastfeeding the infant on demand

The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for protein during pregnancy is an additional ________ grams per day.

25 grams of protein

Not only do infants grow rapidly, but in proportion to body weight their ________.

Basal metabolic rate is high

Adult heart disease begins when people are pediatric patients.

True

Research studies conducted on children's food intakes have shown that ________.

If a child eats more at one meal, he may eat less at the next

At the age of two, healthy children have attained approximately half of their adult height.

True

The way children eat influences their nutritional health during childhood, during their teen years, and for the rest of their lives.

True

Teenage boys experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.

True

The most significant effects of long-term hunger on children include ________.

Impaired growth

Based on data from the BMI-for-age growth charts, children and adolescents are categorized as overweight when their weight is above the ________ percentile.

85th

As a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to ________ of television and video time per day.

2 hours

Michael's mother complains that he is a very picky eater and never lives to try new foods. She states that he will only eat chicken nuggets and toaster pastries. Which strategy could be advised to Michael's mother that may help him to be less picky with eating?

Let child participate in meal planning and grocery shopping. Do not reward with food.

Iron intakes often do not meet the iron needs of adolescent females because they tend to ________.

Eat fewer iron-rich foods and take in few kcalories

Breast milk provides all of the nutrition an infant needs for the first six months of life, with the possible exception of which nutrient?

Vitamin D

Although there are very few supplemental nutrients recommended during infancy, the AAP does recommend a single dose of what nutrient at birth to prevent uncontrolled bleeding?

Vitamin K

At about the first birthday, a child's appetite tends to ________.

Slow down

Providing large quantities of candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets during the growing years is most likely to result in ________.

Obesity

Compared to their well-fed peers, children who do not eat breakfast may ________.

Have shorter attention spans

The most influential persons involved in shaping self-control, addressing weight concerns, and following dieting practices among children and adolescents are the media and ________.

Parents

The adolescent growth spurt ________.

Begins earlier in girls than boys

Adolescents who eat at home with family members ________.

Consume a more nutritious diet

Adolescents eat about ________ of their meals away from home, which can enhance or hinder their nutritional well-being.

1/3

Appropriate energy intake among older adults helps prevent obesity, diabetes and related cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension and may influence the development of some forms of cancer.

True

Many older adults fail to obtain the recommended daily 25 or more grams of fiber.

True

Studies suggest that a diet providing ample carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E may help to prevent the early onset of cataracts.

True

The protein RDA needs of older adults is the same as those of younger adults.

True

As people grow older, the use of medicines become commonplace thus increasing the potential for diet-medication interactions.

True

Resistance training in adults older than 85 has been shown to ________.

Increase energy expenditure

The best choice for older adults with small energy allowances is to ________.

Select nutrient-dense foods

Protein is especially important for older adults to ________.

Limit age related loss of muscle mass

Factors such as ________ often limit older adults' abilities to obtain enough daily fiber in their diets.

Limited cooking facilities

Few older adults consume the recommended amount of ________ due to complaints about stomach discomfort.

Milk

Two risk factors for malnutrition in older adults are:

Loneliness and multiple medication use

Which group of older adults is most likely to be poorly nourished?

Men who live alone

Iron status in women generally improves ________.

After menopause

Life expectancy in the US is currently ________ years.

79

Supplements such as glucosamine and _____ may help to alleviate the pain of osteoarthritis, although additional research is needed.

Chondroitin

Sarcopenia refers to ________.

Muscle loss associated with aging

Older adults face a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency than young people due to ________.

Limited exposure to sunlight

An adequate calcium intake throughout life helps protect against ________.

Osteoporosis

Characteristics of foods preferred by many older adults include ________.

Easy-to-open packages

Martin is a 71-year-old patient who has asked about how he can stay healthy as he gets older. An effective strategy to suggest to Martin might be to ________.

Maintain appropriate body weight

Fat intakes should be moderate in the diets of most adults because ________.

Cutting fat helps to slow the development of atherosclerosis

Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.

True