group 2

Rhomboideus

Origin: nuchal and dorsal-scapular ligaments from C2-T8

Insertion: Medial scapular cartilage

Function: Draws scapula dorsally and cranially, elevates neck

Innervation: local cervical and thoracic nn.

Serratus ventralis cervicis and thoracis

Origin: TPs of C4-C7 and first 8-9 ribs

Insertion: scapular cartilage and facies serrata of the scapula

Function: suspends trunk, raises neck when forelimb is fixed, may support inspiration

Innervation: ventral branches of the local cervical n. and long thoracic n.

Trapezius

Origin: nuchal and supraspinous ligaments from C2-T10

Insertion: cervical part - entire scapular spine, thoracic part - dorsal 1/3 of scapular spine

Function: elevates shoulder by drawing scapula craniodorsally and caudodorsally

Innervation: dorsal branch of accessory n.

Splenius

Origin: SPs of T3-T5 via thoracolumbar fascia and nuchal ligament

Insertion: nuchal crest, mastoid process, TPs C2-C5

Function: elevates/extends and laterally bends head and neck

Innervation: Dorsal branches C3-C8, dorsal branch of accessory n.

Semispinalis capitis

Origin: TPs T1-6/7 and APs of C3-7

Insertion: Occipital bone

Function: unilateral - rotates and laterally flexes neck bilateral - extends poll and neck

Innervation: dorsal branches of local spinal n.

Sternocephalicus

Origin: manubrium sterni

Insertion: caudal border of the mandible

Function: opens mouth, flexes or inclines head and neck to the side of the muscle

Innervation: ventral branch of accessory n.

Brachiocephalicus

Origin: crest of the humerus

Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone

Function: flexes the neck, unilateral action bends neck laterally, if neck is fixed it protracts the limb

Innervation: accessory and axillary n.

Omotransversarius

Origin: shoulder fascia

Insertion: TPs of C2-C4

Function: protracts the limb, bends neck laterally

Innervation: local cervical n.