Force of Gravity and Gravitational Acceleration

Vocabulary flashcards defining the key concepts, formulas, and numerical values related to gravitational force and acceleration from section 2.4.

Force of gravity (Forța de greutate)

The force of attraction exerted by the Earth on a body, represented by the symbol $G$.

Center of gravity

The specific point of application of the force of gravity on a body.

Graphical representation of gravitational force

A directed line segment oriented toward the center of the Earth, with its point of application at the body's center of gravity.

Dynamometer

An instrument used to measure the numerical value of the force of gravity when a body is suspended from its hook in equilibrium in the air.

Gravitational acceleration ($g$)

The ratio between the force of gravity and the mass of the body, defined by the formula $g = \frac{G}{m}$.

Measurement unit of gravitational acceleration ($[g]$)

The unit defined by the ratio of force to mass, expressed as $[g] = \text{N/kg}$.

Gravitational acceleration on Earth

The gravitational ratio $G/m$ on Earth, which is approximately $9.81\text{ N/kg}$, usually rounded to $g = 10\text{ N/kg}$ for solving problems.

Gravitational acceleration on the Moon

The gravitational ratio $G/m$ on the surface of the Moon, approximately equal to $1.62\text{ N/kg}$.

Gravitational acceleration on Mars

The gravitational ratio $G/m$ on the surface of Mars, approximately equal to $3.8\text{ N/kg}$.