States of Matter

What are the 3 states of matter?

solids, liquids and gases

How are the particles arranged in a solid?

Regularly packed together. The particles are only able to vibrate around fix positions. The particles have strong force of attraction between them. The particles have low kinetic energy.

How are particles arranged in a liquid?

The particles are touching. The force between the particles is not very strong, and the particles can move around each other. The particles are arranged randomly. The particles have medium kinetic energy.

How are the particles arranged in a gas?

Moving randomly at high speed in all directions. Particles are much further apart and there are almost

no forces of attraction between them. The particles have the most kinetic energy out of the three states of matter.

What is the state change from a solid to a liquid?

melting (energy is put in)

What is melting point?

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

What is the state change from a liquid to a solid?

Freezing, (energy is taken out)

What is a freezing point?

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid

What is the state changed from a liquid to a gas?

Boiling, (energy put in)

What is the state change from a gas to a liquid?

Condensing (energy taken out)

What is the state change from a solid to a gas?

Sublimation, heated (energy is put in)

What is the state change from a gas to a solid?

Deposition, (heat taken out)

Describe the process of evaporation?

some particles at the surface of the liquid will have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between the other particles - they will break away to form a gas. You don't see any bubbling.

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

Evaporation is slower, occurs only from the surface of the liquid, does not produce bubbles, and leads to cooling. Boiling is faster, can occur throughout the liquid, produces lots of bubbles, and does not result in cooling.

What is the boiling point of water?

100 degrees Celsius

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

How would you describe diffusion in liquids?

Very slow, because the particles move more slowly than the particles in a gas.

What is a solute?

The substance that dissolves in a solvent

What is a solvent?

The substance in which the solute dissolves

What is a solution?

Mixture of two or more substances

What is solubility?

Is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature

What is a saturated solution?

Is a mixture that contains as much dissolved solute as is possible at a given temperature