Diffusion, Osmosis and Transport across the membrane

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21 Terms

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Facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

<p>Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels</p>
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Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

<p>Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane</p>
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Hypertonic solution

higher concentration of solutes (like salt or sugar) and a lower concentration of water than that inside the cell; cell loses water and shrivels

<p>higher concentration of solutes (like salt or sugar) and a lower concentration of water than that inside the cell; cell loses water and shrivels</p>
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Hypotonic solution

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water; animal cells swell & burst, plant cells become firm and turgid against the cell wall

<p>Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water; animal cells swell &amp; burst, plant cells become firm and turgid against the cell wall</p>
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Isotonic solution

a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

<p>a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell</p>
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Active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

<p>Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference</p>
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Phospholipid bilayer

Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.

<p>Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.</p>
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Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

<p>A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells</p>
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Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

<p>process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane</p>
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Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

<p>A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.</p>
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Solution

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

<p>A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.</p>
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Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

<p>A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances</p>
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Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

<p>A substance that is dissolved in a solution.</p>
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Sodium-potassium pump

a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

<p>a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell</p>
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Carrier protein

a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane

<p>a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane</p>
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Channel proteins

provide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane

<p>provide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane</p>
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Plasma membrane

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

<p>A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells</p>
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Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

<p>Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p>
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Selectively permeable

a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

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Concentration gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

<p>A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.</p>
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Tonicity

the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

<p>the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water</p>