UNT A&P 1 Exam 3

List two of the seven criteria listed in your lab manual that are used to name muscles?

Direction of Muscle Fibers

Relative Size

Location

Number of Origins

Location of Origin and Insertion

Shape

Action

What are the individual contractile units of a muscle cell called?

Sarcomeres

By steadily increasing the number of motor units that are activated, we produce a steady increase in the force produced by a muscle. This process is called __________________?

Recruitment

If we require a muscle to contract until it starts to run out of ATP, what do we call the state of the muscle at that point?

Fatigue

If a muscle contracts against a load that is too heavy for the muscle to lift, what type of contraction is the muscle demonstrating?

Isometric

What do we call the period of time between the application of a stimulus to a muscle and the first observable response or movement of the muscle?

Latent Period

What do we call muscles that aid the action of other muscles by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement?

Synergists

Name one action of the rectus femoris muscle.

Extension of Leg

Name one action of the vastus medialis muscle.

Extension of Leg

Name one action of the brachialis muscle.

Flexion of Forearm

Name one action of the external oblique muscle.

Compress Abdominal Wall

Name one insertion of the external oblique muscle.

Linea Alba

Name one action of the Supraspinatus muscle

Abduction of Arm

Name one insertion of the gracilis muscle.

Medial Surface of Tibia

Name one insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle.

First Cuneiform and Metatarsal I

Name one insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.

Base of Metacarpals II and III

Name one origin of the buccinator muscle.

Mandible

Name one origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.

Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Name one origin of the triceps brachii muscle.

Glenoid Cavity of Humerus

Name one origin of the zygomaticus major muscle.

zygomatic Bone

A single contraction of a muscle is called a _____________?

Twitch

If a muscle contracts against a load that it is able to lift, what type of contraction is the muscle demonstrating?

Isotonic

A neuron and all of the muscle cells that it stimulates are together called a _________________?

Motor Unit

Name one action of the zygomaticus minor muscle.

Elevation of Lateral Corners of Mouth

Name one action of the infraspinatus muscle.

Lateral Rotation of Arm

Name one action of the triceps brachii muscle.

Extension of Forearm

Name one action of the deltoid muscle.

Abduction of Arm

Name one insertion of the masseter muscle.

Mandibular Ramus and Angle

Name one insertion of the zygomaticus major muscle.

Skin and Muscle at Corner of Mouth

Name one insertion of the rectus femoris muscle.

Patella

Name one insertion of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Eyelid

Name one origin of the infraspinatus muscle.

Infraspinous Process of Scapula

Name one origin of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Medial and Lateral Condyles of Femur

Name one origin of the trapezius muscle.

Occipital

Name one origin of the semimembranosus muscle.

Ischial Tuberosity

If we increase the frequence of stimulation of a muscle untill we acheive a steady sustained contraction, we will have caused what phenomenon?

Tetanus

If we stimulate a muscle, and then stimulate it again immediately after it has been allowed to relax, we observe that the second contraction of the muscle is slightly greater than the first. What do we call this phenomenon?

Treppe

Name one action of the trapezius muscle.

Extension of Head

Name one action of the semimembranosus muscle.

Extension of Thigh

Name one action of the zygomaticus major muscle.

Elevation of Lateral Corners of Mouth

Name one action of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.

Flexion of Wrist

Name one insertion of the supraspinatus muscle.

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Name one insertion of the trapezius muscle.

Clavicle

Name one insertion of the infraspinatus muscle.

Greater Tubercle of Humerus

Name one origin of the vastus medialis muscle.

Linea Aspera of Femur

Name one origin of the pectoralis major muscle.

Clavicle

Name one origin of the supraspinatus muscle.

Supraspinous Process of Scapula

What neurotransmitter do motor neurons use to stimulate muscle cells?

Acetylcholine

Define "insertion" as it applies to skeletal muscles.

Movable Site of Attachment

Name one action of the platysma muscle.

Tension of Skin of Neck

Name one insertion of the semitendinosus muscle.

Medial Aspect of Tibia

Name one insertion of the buccinator muscle.

Orbicularis Oris

Name one insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Mastoid Process of Temporal

Name one insertion of the triceps brachii muscle.

Olecranon Process of Ulna

What do we call muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a specific movement?

Agonists

Name one action of the biceps brachii muscle.

Flexion of Forearm

Name one action of the gracilis muscle.

Adduction of Thigh

Name one origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Clavicle

Name one origin of the zygomaticus minor muscle.

Zygomatic Bone

Name one origin of the deltoid muscle.

Clavicle

Name one origin of the brachialis muscle.

Anterior Humerus

Define "origin" as it applies to skeletal muscles.

Immovable Site of Attachment

Name one action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Rotation of Head

Name one insertion of the platysma muscle.

Mandible

Name one insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Calcaneus

Name one origin of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Frontal Orbit

Name one origin of the gracilis muscle.

Ramus and Body of Pubis

Name one origin of the rectus abdominis muscle.

Pubic Crest and Symphysis

What do we call muscles that immobilize the origin of another muscle so that all of the tension is exerted at the insertion?

Fixators

Name one action of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Plantar Flexion of Foot

Name one insertion of the semimembranosus muscle.

Medial Condyle of Tibia

Name one insertion of the extensor digitorum muscle.

Distal Phalanges of Fingers 2-5

Name one origin of the tibialis anterior muscle.

Lateral Condyle of Tibia

Name one action of the extensor digitorum muscle.

Extension of Fingers

Name one origin of the masseter muscle.

Zygomatic Bone

Name one origin of the rectus femoris muscle.

Acetabulum

Name one action of the buccinator muscle.

Compress Cheek

Name one insertion of the biceps brachii muscle.

Radial Tuberosity

Name one origin of the biceps brachii muscle.

Glenoid Cavity of Humerus

Name one action of the semitendinosus muscle.

Extension of Thigh

Name one action of the tibialis anterior muscle.

Dorsiflexion of Foot

Name one action of the rectus abdominis muscle.

Flexion and rotation of vertebral column

Name one insertion of the zygomaticus minor muscle.

Skin and Muscle at Corner of Mouth

Name one action of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Closes Eyelids

Name one action of the masseter muscle.

Elevation of Mandible

Name one insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle.

Xiphoid Process

Name one origin of the extensor digitorum muscle.

Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

Name one action of the pectoralis major muscle.

Flexion of Arm

Name one insertion of the brachialis muscle.

Coronoid Process of Ulna

What do we call muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement?

Antagonists

Name one origin of the platysma muscle.

Fascia of Chest

Name one insertion of the deltoid muscle.

Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus

Name one insertion of the pectoralis major muscle.

Intertubercular Sulcus of Humerus

Name one insertion of the vastus medialis muscle.

Patella

Name one origin of the semitendinosus muscle.

Ischial Tuberosity

Name one origin of the external oblique muscle.

Ribs 5-12

A-Band

Actin

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus