Floral design midterm review

know the different parts of a flower

bract, peduncle, pedicle, stamen (filament and anther), pistil (stigma, style, ovary)

what two names comprise the scientific name

genus and specific epithet

what are the five shapes or types of flower categories

line, form, mass, filler, foliage

line

skeleton

form

center of interest

mass

draw attention towards focal pointfi

filler

background

foliage

leaves or green parts of a plant used to enhance arrangement

what type of flowers form the skeleton of a design

line flowers

what is vase life

length of time flowers remain alive (typically 1 week)

what is senescence

flower death

what are the three main ingredients in floral preservatives

acidifer, sugars, biocide

at what temperature should most flowers be stored?

33-35 degrees F

at what temperature should tropical flowers be stored?

50-60 degrees F

what is transpiration?

the plant’s loss of water through leaves (stomata)

what is ethylene gas?

naturally occurring gas in flowers that speeds maturity

what is a primary color?

the building blocked for the entire color pigment system (ex. red, yellow, blue)

what is a secondary color?

combination of two primary colors (ex. orange, green, purple)

what is a tertiary color?

primary color + adjacent secondary colors (ex. red-violet, yellow-green, red-orange, blue-green)

what colors are considered to be neutral in floral design?

ones not seen on the color wheel (ex. black, beige, white)

what is a tint?

when white is added to a color

what is a tone?

when gray is added to a color

what is a shade?

when black is added to a color

what colors are considered warm colors?

red-yellowwh

at colors are considered to be cool colors?

green-violet

warm colors

exciting; associated with heat and summer

cool colors

calming; associated with cold and winter

what are the three main categories of color schemes?

related, contrasting, discordant

related

use common color to unify (ex. achromatic, monochromatic, analogous)

contrasting

colors from distant part of the wheel (ex. complementary, split complementary,triadic)

discordant

using colors that don’t necessarily go with each other (ex. double complement, alternate complement, tetrad, polychromatic)

what is an actual line? how are they created?

a line produced using linear materials known as line flowers

what is a psychic line? how are they created?

line does not exist, but we “feel” a line between two elements; created using directional facing of flowers

what are the four main types of lines?

vertical, horizontal, curved, diagonal

vertical line

draws eye to point at either end suggesting motion; exclamation point; suggests: strength, dignity, severity, formality

horizontal lines

draws eye to point at either end suggesting motion; suggests: rest, informality, stability

curved lines

moves eye around and through the entire design; suggests: gentleness, whimsical, feminine

diagonal lines

causes more eye movement than other lines; suggests: energy, power

what is the difference between dynamic line and static line

what lines are considered to be static

vertical and h

what lines are considered to be dynamic

curved and diagonal

The two meaning of form

1.) the shape or contour of the individual components in a design 2.) The overall three-dimensional configuration or shape of a design

what is repetition of form?

repeating like elements within a design

what is positive space?

area occupied by material

what is negative space?

empty area between components; open space

what is a void?

open space or break in a design that connects one area of positive space with another

how does texture placement change perceptions of depth in a desgin

fine in foreground and coarse in background: design contracts and appears closer to the viewer

coarse in foreground, fine in background: expands Composition, appears further away

which textures are lost first the further you move away from a design

fine

define harmony

pleasing aesthetic quality created by careful selection of parts for a composition —> the effect of the relationship between all the various elements in a composition

define unity

relationship of parts to each other should produce a single general effect; whole design predominant over individual components

how is harmony and unity different?

you can have unity without harmony, but not harmony without unity

what are some ways we achieve unity?

proximity, repetition, transition/continuation

what are the two main types of balance

physical and visual

what are the four types of visual balance

symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial, and open

what is proportion

comparative size relationship between ingredients within the design as well as to the whole design

what is the flower to container ration we use?

1:1 1/2

what is scale?

overall size of an object compared with other objects

how is scale different from proportion

scale is overall, proportion is individual

how can we create focal points

unique and interesting flowers

what is framing

putting a frame around a design to emphasize negative space

how is rhythm achieved

depth, repetition, transition