Psych Nursing 1

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, divided into four lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital.

Frontal Lobe

Associated with executive functions such as decision-making, planning, problem-solving, impulse control, motor function, and personality.

Temporal Lobe

Involved in auditory processing, language comprehension, memory formation, and emotion regulation.

Parietal Lobe

Responsible for processing sensory information, including touch, pain, temperature, and spatial orientation.

Occipital Lobe

Primarily responsible for visual processing and perception.

Depression

Often associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine; linked to low serotonin levels.

Bipolar Disorder

Characterized by shifts between depressive and manic episodes; manic episodes involve excess norepinephrine and dopamine.

Schizophrenia

Associated with dysregulation of neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine; leads to positive symptoms like hallucinations and negative symptoms like cognitive deficits.

Anxiety Disorders

Linked to imbalances in neurotransmitters like GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine; reduced GABA activity can increase anxiety.

Id

The primitive and instinctual part of the psyche that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.

Ego

The rational part of the psyche that operates on the reality principle, mediating between the desires of the id and the constraints of reality.

Superego

The moral component of the psyche that internalizes societal rules and values, enforcing ethical standards and inducing guilt.

Defense Mechanism: Regression

The reversion to behaviors characteristic of earlier stages of development in response to stress or frustration.

Freud's Oral Stage

The first psychosexual stage focused on the mouth; pleasure derived from sucking and biting, with implications for fixation in adulthood.

Freud's Anal Stage

The second psychosexual stage focused on toilet training; related to controlling behaviors and can lead to obsessive-compulsive traits.

Freud's Phallic Stage

The third psychosexual stage where children become aware of gender identity and involve dynamics such as the Oedipus and Electra complexes.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A psychological theory that proposes a hierarchy of human needs, ranging from physiological needs to self-actualization.

Physiological Needs

The most basic survival needs including air, water, food, shelter, sleep, and reproduction.

Safety Needs

Derived after physiological needs, representing the need for security, health, employment, and stability.

Love and Belongingness Needs

The need for social connections, love, affection, and a sense of belonging.

Esteem Needs

The desire for self-esteem, respect, recognition, and achievement.

Self-Actualization Needs

The pursuit of realizing one's full potential, personal growth, and self-fulfillment.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response.