Web Development Concepts & True/False Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering client-side and server-side web development fundamentals, including HTML5, CSS3, DOM manipulation, asynchronous JavaScript, charting, mapping, and game development.

HTML File

A plain text document defining webpage structure and content that can be saved locally and opened directly in any browser without needing a web server or internet connection.

LiveScript

The original name of JavaScript before it was renamed in 1995 purely as a marketing move to capitalize on the popularity of Java.

Browser JavaScript Sandbox

A restricted security environment in which standard client-side JavaScript runs, preventing it from freely accessing local storage files or hardware.

Rendering Engine

The browser component (such as Blink in Chrome, Gecko in Firefox, or WebKit in Safari) that parses and presents web pages alongside built-in default stylesheets.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

The styling language that controls visual appearance—including colors, typography, and backgrounds—even when declared inside an inline style attribute.

document.createElement()

A Document Object Model (DOM) method in JavaScript used to construct brand-new HTML elements dynamically for insertion into a webpage.

document.getElementById()

A DOM method that locates an HTML element by its unique identifier and returns it as an object that can be stored in a variable to read or modify.

data-* Attributes

Custom HTML attributes (such as data-id) that embed hidden data directly inside elements, which JavaScript can retrieve via element.dataset.

fetch()

An asynchronous JavaScript API used to request data in the background without reloading the page; it performs GET requests by default and can send POST requests with custom options.

@media print

A CSS media query rule that applies dedicated styles for printed paper or PDF exports, such as hiding navigation bars and adjusting margins.

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

An external server infrastructure used to distribute and host resources like external CSS stylesheets (e.g., Google Fonts or Bootstrap) linked via the HTML tag.

pointer: coarse

A CSS media feature used to detect low-accuracy input devices, such as touchscreens on mobile phones, as opposed to pointer: fine for mouse pointers.

Bootstrap

A front-end CSS framework that provides pre-styled UI component templates (like buttons, navbars, modals, and accordions) and predefined responsive breakpoints.

:nth-child()

A CSS pseudo-class that selects sibling elements based on their 1-indexed numerical position within a parent container (such as even, odd, or 3n).

Leaflet

A lightweight, mobile-friendly JavaScript mapping library that supports touch gestures, multiple independent map instances, and HTML popups via .bindPopup().

GeoJSON

A geospatial data format based on JSON used to store geographic features—such as points, lines, polygons, and coordinates—supported natively in Leaflet via L.geoJSON().

Frappe Charts

A lightweight browser visualization library that accepts JavaScript objects with labels and datasets to render line, bar, pie, percentage, and heatmap charts.

HTML Element

A drawable rectangular surface in HTML that JavaScript uses to render graphics, animations, and shapes, supporting transparency via alpha channel colors like rgba().

setInterval()

A JavaScript timer function that repeatedly executes a specified callback function at fixed millisecond intervals until stopped with clearInterval().

Phaser

A 2D game framework for HTML5 that includes bundled input modules, math helper functions, and built-in physics engines like Arcade Physics and Matter.js.

Phaser Collider

A collision mechanism (this.physics.add.collider()) that prevents game objects from overlapping or passing through each other, allowing characters to stand on platforms.

HTML5

The major revision of HTML that became an official W3C recommendation in 2014 to support modern web applications and native multimedia, succeeding HTML4 from the late 1990s.

CSS @keyframes

A CSS at-rule used to define animations that alter properties like movement, size, opacity, and color over time without requiring JavaScript.

CSS order Property

A layout property available in CSS Flexbox and Grid that rearranges the visual display sequence of elements without changing the underlying HTML source code.

JavaScript Promise

A built-in object representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation (pending, fulfilled, or rejected), handled via .then(), .catch(), or async/await.

AJAX

An asynchronous technique used to transfer data (commonly JSON or XML) with a web server in the background without triggering a full page refresh.

addEventListener()

A JavaScript DOM method that attaches an event handler function to an element, promoting the clean separation of structure from interactive behavior.

FormData

A built-in JavaScript object used to compile and retrieve values from HTML form fields for easy processing, validation, or network submission.

Server-side JavaScript Runtime

An execution environment outside the web browser—such as Node.js, Deno, or Bun—required to run JavaScript on backend servers.

The standard HTML element used to embed or reference executable client-side JavaScript code directly inside a web document.