EFB 101 Exam #3

Define the theory of endosymbiosis

Some organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts…) evolved when prokaryotic cells were adsorbed by larger eukaryotic cells

What organelle defines Plantae?

Double-membrane chloroplasts

Viridiplantae refers to…

Green plants

Streptophytes refers to…

A large clade of plants, green algae, and land plants

Mitosis takes a cell from ___ to ___

Diploid to diploid

Meiosis takes a cell from ___ to ___

Haploid to diploid

Hyphae

A single thread of cells that are one cell thick

Mycelium

Loosely woven mat of hyphae

Monokaryotic

To share/ posses 1 nucleus

Dikaryotic

2 genetically different nuclei which share a cytoplasm

Heterokaryotic

2+ genetically different nuclei that share a cytoplasm

Plasmogamy

The fusion of the cytoplasm with 2 different nuclei

Karyogamy

The fusion of 2 nuclei

Bryophytes are…

Non-vascular seedless plants

Sporophytes are

2N

Spores are

1N

Homosporous means…

Plants produce spores of uniform size and shape

Heterosporous means…

Plants produce spores of distinct sizes, shapes, and genders

Bryophytes are…

Gametophyte dominant

Lycophytes are…

Sporophyte dominant

Fertilization

Combining of an egg and sperm

Megaspores and microspores are both what ploidy?

1N

Microgametophytes and megagametophytes are both what ploidy?

1N

What ploidy are zygotes?

2N

Haplontic life cycle

Haploid phase dominant. Diploid phase short lived, represented by zygote

Diplontic life cycle

Diploid phase dominant. Haploid phase short lived, represented by sperm and egg

Haplodiplontic life cycle

The organism alternates between haploid dominant and diploid dominant phases

Chara

Freshwater algae, sister to all land plants

Emergence onto land was aided by borrowing genes from soil bacteria through…

Horizontal Gene Transfer

How to fungi digest?

Externally

Lichen

Made of two species; fungi and algae/cyanobacteria

Batrachochytrium dendrobatids (BD)

A fungal skin infection on amphibians

Prototaxites

Early fungi that grew very tall

How do plants maintain their water levels?

Through their cuticle, stomata, and guard cells

Strobili

Houses sporangium

Sporangium

Spore house/ spore container

Sporophyte

Diploid stage that produces asexual spores

Spore mother cell

Undergoes mitosis to make spores

Archegonia

Egg container

Antheridia

Sperm container

Archaeplastida refers to…

All photosynthetic eukaryotes

Sporophyll

A specialized leaf that bears sporangia

Gametophyte

A haploid phase in the life cycle which produces gametes

Sporopollenin

A polymer that protects spores

Xylem

Vascular tissue used for water movement

Phloem

Vascular tissue used for the movement of nutrients and sugar

Adhesion-cohesion water transport is a…

Passive process

Moving sugar and nutrients in plants is a

Active process

The female part of Angiosperms is referred to as…

The Carpel

The male part of Angiosperms is referred to as…

The Stamen

Ovule

Integumented megasporangium

Stigma

Female part of flower where pollen sticks

Trees are an example of…

Dicot plants

Grasses are examples of…

Monocot plants