Confine & Correct 6-8

penitentiary

earliest form of large scale incarceration. punished them by isolation to reflect and repent

Pennsylvania/seperate system

the penitentiary system - isolation

auburn system

based of the Pennsylvania system, but allowed prisoners to work silently together in the day. isolated at night.

evolved to allow “congregate and speaking”

justice reinvestment

reducing spending on incarceration to reinvest into evidence based strategies for preventing crime

ways to mitigate mass incarceration

1. jail admission - divert people to social services

2. pretrial jail population - offer alternatives to money bail

3. sentenced jail population - sentence intermediate sanctions rather than jail time

4. prison admissions - lessen incarceration for technical violations of probation

what has shown to lessen recidivism?

literacy & education

vocational/job training

mental health services

federal prison industries (fpi)

a paid prison work program

the trade name is unicor

first step act (2018)

requirements for the DOJ to reduce recidivism

-including risk needs assessments & recidivism reduction programs

minimum security institution

confines people for short or long periods, providing more freedom and a low staff to incarceree ratio

aka open institution - no fences or walls surrounding

medium security institution

barred cells and fortified perimeter. more privelages than minimum, less than maximum

maximum/high-security prison

incarceration for dangerous people for long periods. barred cells, secure perimeter, high staff to incarceree ratio

security threat groups

prison gangs

supermax housing

seperate facility for violent inmates. isolated 22 hours a day

discretionary release

early release based on the parking authority assessment

mandatory release

early release after a period of time b/C of a law

collateral consequences

legal and regulatory restrictions imposed as a result of conviction - taking away voting, jury service, running for office, public benefits, etc

patoling-releasing authority

a agency or person that has authority to grant, revoke, and discharge parole.

types of parole

discretionary

mandatory

no revocable

discretionary parole

when a parole board decides you’re paroled

mandatory parole

automatically granted due to a certain portion of time served.

ex: spend 2/3 of sentence in jail, 1/3 on parole

nonrevocable parole

option for low level offenses where parole cannot be revoked for technical violations

felony disenfranchisement

depriving those with a felony of the right to vote, serve for jury, hold public office, and restricts professional licenses

reentry court

a problem solving court to help people make a successful adjustment back to the community - provides support

staff roles

the normal aptters of behavior expected of correctional staff members in particular jobs

4 main goals of staff members

1. to provide security to the community by incarcerating law-breakers

2. to promote smooth & effective function of institutions

3. to ensure incarceration is secure & humane

4. to give residents opportunity to develop a positive lifestyle while incarcerated & develop skills for a positive lifestyle post-release.

custodial staff

staff members who directly manage resident population - typically have military-style hierarchy

(COs, security, warden)

program staff

staff members who are concerned with encouraging residents to participate in positive programs - typically have seperate organizational structure, seperate from custodial staff

(substance abuse specialists, mental health staff, educational)

administrative staff

those charged with operating the institution & programs

(wardens, superintendents)

5 bases of Power of correctional officers

legitimate - by virtue of position

coercive - residents belief that COs can punish disobedience

reward - formal & informal rewards from COs — offering gain time (time off)

expert - different COs skills that hold value

referent - natural power that comes from persuasive diplomacy, winning respect from residents

structured conflict

the natural tension between staff and residents - has to follow rules of conflicts