PLN 3 - Prelim Exam Part 4

Market Forecasts 

Attempt to project future land development

Perceptual Analysis

Relies on people’s perceptions which are important determinants of travel behavior, locational choice, social relationships, and political actions.

Trend Extension

It resembles the Dispersed Sheet Urban Form of Kevin Lynch, which he described as having “maximum flexibility, personal comfort, independence and where local participation is highly possible”.

Linear Urban Form

Also known as the ribbon or strip development is characterized by concentration of development along both sides of major transportation routes such as roads, navigable rivers 

Urban Star

It also resembles what Kevin Lynch refers to as the ______ which is characterized by a strong urban core with secondary centers of moderate densities, distributed along main radial roads.

Multi-nodal Urban Form

It redirects development away from the urban core or city center toward identified urban growth areas or nodes. 

Galaxy form

It approximates Lynch’s______, which is characterized by clusters of development with each cluster having its own specialization.

Concentric Urban Form

 It reflects an outward expansion of urban development from the city center/core induced by the construction of new circumferential and radial roads.

Combined Alternatives

Adopt a combination of development alternatives.

Bid-Rent Theory

Assumption that land value and rent decrease as distance from the central business district increases

Brownfield development

Real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollution, or contaminant.

Business Park

Low-density office development of a type often established by private companies on greenfield sites

Central Business District (CBD)

Area of a town or city where most of the commercial activity is found.

Conservation Easement

A legally binding contract in which a landowner voluntarily restricts the rights to use and develop land

Conurbation or metropolitan area

Large continuous build-up area formed by the joining together of several urban settlements

Demography

The study of population

Depressed area

Region with substandard economic performance perhaps due to a change in industrial structure, such as a decline in manufacturing industry

Eminent Domain 

The power of the government to take property for public use with “just compensation”

Free Port

Sometimes a zone within a port where cargo may be accepted for handling, processing, and re-shipment without imposition of tariffs and taxes.

Gentrification

Restoration of deteriorated urban property especially in working-class neighborhoods by the middle and upper classes.

Industrial Estate

Are planned for industry where space is available for large buildings and further expansion

Inner City

The area that immediately borders the central business district of a town or city. In many cities, this is one of the older parts and may suffer from decay and neglect leading to social problems

Land banking

The advanced acquisition and consolidation of lands in areas identified for future urban expansion.

Market Town

Settlement with a permanent or periodic market (once a week, for instance). This acts as a selling point for goods produced in the surrounding hinterland.

Multiplier Effect

Process whereby one change sets in motion a sequence of events that result in decline or growth

Poverty Cycle or Development Trap

Set of factors or events by which poverty, once started, is likely to continue unless there is outside intervention

Primate City

City that is far the largest within a country or area. Such a city holds a larger proportion of the population, economic activity, and social functions than other settlements within an area.

Pull Factor

Any factor that tends to attract people to an area. Example include higher wages, better housing, and better education opportunities

Resort Town

Settlement whose main function is to cater for tourism of one type or another

Scenic Value

Open space offers scenic vistas that translate into higher real estate values.

Settlement

Place where people live, varying size from isolated dwellings to the largest cities

Shanty Town

Group of unplanned shelters constructed from cheap or waste materials (such as cardboard, wood, or cloth). 

Spot Zoning

Singles out a parcel of land for special treatment or privileges not in harmony with the other use classifications

Squatter

Illegal occupant of a building or land

Sustainable development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Urban Decay

The decline of the social, physical, and economic fabric of a city, usually located in the oldest part of the settlement.

Urbanization

Process whereby an increasing proportion of a region’s population becomes concentrated in urban areas.

Urban Renewal

Adaptation of existing buildings in towns and cities to meet changes in economic, social, and environmental requirements rather than demolishing them. 

Urban Sprawl

Outward spread of built-up areas caused by their expansion

Mojenjo-Daro

• 2500BC

• Southern Pakistan’s Indus River Valley

• 35,000 residents

• 500 acres

Ancient Babylonia - Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon

● Near East Iraq in Southern Mesopotamia in between TIgris and Euphrates RIver

● 60 miles (100km) South of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq

● 8000sq miles

Hippodamus of Miletus

• Father of urban planning

• Harbor town of Piraeus – Athens’ Commercial Port

• A town plan might formally embody and clarify a rational social order

Hippodamian Plan

Urban plan based on streets intersecting at right angles

• His plans of Greek cities were characterized by order and regularity in contrast to the intricacy and confusion common to cities of the period

Romans

• First regional planners

• Importance of transportation for commerce, communications and for maintaining peace and order

Roman colonization

Efficient agriculture made possible the founding of towns inland. Technical innovations

Medieval Towns

○ Irregular plan (organic design) in which bldgs adapt themselves to the terrain

○ Enclosing defensive walls - designed to exploit the natural advantages such as water courses

Industrial Revolution

○ The Origins: Urban Growth from 1800 to 1940

○ Development of new industrialized towns, i.e Lancashire, Yorkshire, etc

Dr. John Snow’s map

___________ which established the connection bet. The cholera outbreak and a single polluted water pump in Broad street

journey to work

Mechanization was centralized - “_________” became a phenomenon

Capitalism

• Development of capitalist society

• 16th century – the rise of centralized monarchies and transatlantic trade tended