CSAD 340 Quiz 7 Pt 2

for quiz 7

simultaneous masking

presentation of the masker and the maskee at the same time; the default scenario

backward masking

when the masker is presented and terminated immediately after the presentation of a signal

forward masking

when the masker is presented and terminated immediately before the presentation of a signal

masking level difference (MLD)

a phenomenon in which a signal may be made audible in the presence of a masking noise by changing the relative phase of the signal or masker

white noise

has components with roughly equal amplitude across a wide frequency range

speech-shaped noise

the preferred noise for masking speech

narrowband noise

the preferred noise for masking pure tones

condition necessary for forward and backward (temporal) masking to occur

the signal and masker must be presented almost simultaneously, with a very short time interval in between the two

energetic masking

masking caused by an overlap of the energy of the signal and masker that occurs early in the processing of auditory information; overlaps in frequency and/or time; causes more errors of omission/a signal just being inaudible; caused by noise on speech

informational masking

masking not due to energy; likely caused by higher level central auditory processing; caused by similarities between the content of the masker and the signal of interest; usually occurs with speech on speech and causes confusion rather than errors of omission

when the amount of talkers in a multi-talker babble increases

the amount of informational masking decreases

central auditory system effectiveness

becomes more effective when signals differ from each other between the left and right ears

speech on speech

will cause informational and energetic masking

multitalker babble

an auditory signal composed of more than one talker; as the number of talkers in the babble increases, informational masking decreases