Blood Pressure Regulation

What variables regulate blood pressure maintainance

Cardfiac output, TPR, blood volume

What are the short-term regulators of blood pressure

Neural Conntrols

Baroreceptors

Hormonal controls

What is the role of the cardiovascular center

help regulate heart rate & stroke volume

specific neurons regulate blood vessel diameter

What are baroreceptor reflexes

pressure receptors that respond to stretch in arteries due to increased pressure

When arteries are stretched, what do baroreceptors do

Send impulses to the cardiovascular center, decreasing blood pressure

What mechanism bring about a decrease in blood pressure

Vasodilation

Decrease cardiac output

What are chemoreceptor reflexes

When oxygen levels fall, CO2 levels rise, or pH falls, chemoreceptors send impulses to the cardiovascular center to increase cardiac outputs

What influences do higher brain centers have on blood pressure

Fight or flight, etc

How do hormones regulate blood pressure

by altering cardiac output, changing systemic vascular resistance, or adjusting the total blood volume

What adrenal medulla hormones released impact blood pressure

Epinephrine and noepenephrine - increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction

How does angiotensin II impact blood pressure

When blood pressure is low, the kidney releases renin. Renin generates angiotensin II which stimulates vasoconstriction

How does ANP impact blood pressure

Reaction in blood volume and pressure

How does ADH impact blood pressure

It stimulates the kidneys to conserve water, which can help restore blood pressure when it falls rapidly

What are long term regulators of blood pressure

renal controls

How do renal mechanisms impact blood pressure

Through the kidneys; directly and indirectly

How does the direct renal mechanisms regulate blood pressure

The rate at which fluid filters into the kidneys changes with blood pressure

What are indirect renal mechanisms to regulate blood

Via the renin-angiostensin-aldosterone mechanism

What is the renin-angiostensin-aldosterone mechanism

When blood pressure declines, certain cells in the kidneys releases renin, which eventually converts angiostensin 1 to angiostensin 2. Angiostensin 2 stabliazes blood pressure

How does angiostensin II stabilize blood pressure

1) stimulates secretion of aldosterone - more water to blood, increase BV

2) Promotes ADH release; promotes bite water reabsorption by kidneys

3) triggers thirst sensation

4) Increases TPR; increases BP