Alcohol, Tobacco, and Vaping Lecture Notes

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the biological, chemical, and health concepts associated with alcohol, tobacco, and vaping from the lecture notes.

Alcohol

An addictive drug that alters brain function.

Fermentation

The process in which yeast, sugar, and water are combined to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

The number of grams of alcohol per $100\,\text{mL}$ of blood expressed as a percentage.

Minor in Possession (MIP)

The actual possession of alcohol by an individual under the legal drinking age.

Driving Under the Influence (DUI)

An offense that applies to drivers under the age of 21 operating a vehicle with any detectable alcohol in their system.

Driving While Intoxicated (DWI)

An offense that applies to individuals who are 21 years of age or older operating a motor vehicle with a BAC of $0.08$ or higher.

Moderate Drinking

Consuming no more than one drink on the same occasion for females and no more than two drinks for males.

Binge Drinking

Consuming four or more drinks on the same occasion for females and five or more drinks for males in a short period of time.

Heavy Drinking

Consuming 8 or more drinks in one week for females, or 15 or more drinks in one week for males.

Hangover

A cluster of negative symptoms caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

Alcohol Poisoning

A severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs when a high concentration of alcohol in the blood produces life-threatening effects.

Alcoholism

A chronic physical and psychological dependence on alcohol that progresses through distinct stages.

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

The body's adverse reaction to the sudden cessation of alcohol consumption after prolonged use, which can potentially cause death.

Cirrhosis

A condition characterized by chronic irreversible damage to liver cells caused by prolonged alcohol abuse.

Detoxification

The initial step in alcoholism treatment that allows the body to clear itself entirely of alcohol.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

A self-help group therapy organization designed for individuals who desire to stop drinking.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A collection of birth defects and developmental delays in babies born to mothers who drank alcohol during pregnancy; it is the leading preventable cause of mental disability.

Tobacco

A cultivated plant whose leaves contain the psychoactive and addictive chemical nicotine.

Nicotine

A highly addictive stimulant drug found naturally in tobacco leaves.

Smokeless Tobacco

Tobacco formulations that are chewed, dipped, or snorted rather than smoked, including chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, snus, and dissolvables.

Carbon Monoxide

A toxic gas present in cigarette smoke that displaces oxygen and reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

Carcinogen

Any substance, organism, or agent directly capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A progressive lung disease that damages the respiratory tract and significantly interferes with normal breathing.

Emphysema

A pulmonary condition where the lung alveoli lose elasticity and function, destroying the lungs' ability to inflate, deflate, and hold air properly.

Mainstream Smoke

Smoke that is drawn directly into a smoker's mouth and respiratory system from a lit tobacco product.

Sidestream Smoke

Smoke emitted directly into the ambient air from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe.

Secondhand Smoke

Environmental tobacco smoke consisting of a combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke.

Aerosol

A suspension of fine liquid droplets or microscopic solid particles generated when an electronic vaping device heats e-liquid.

Popcorn Lung

A severe, irreversible lung condition associated with vaping, typically caused by the inhalation of the flavoring compound diacetyl.