BIO 110 - Week 8 Word Quiz

Aerobic Respiration

The process of generating energy by the full oxidation of nutrients through the Krebs cycle, where oxygen is the final electronic accepter

Anaerobic Respiration

respiration in which energy is released from chemical reactions in which free oxygen takes no part

ATP Synthase

large enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by Chemiosmosis located in the inner mitochondria membrane, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast and the plasma membrane of bacteria

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules, processes that take place in the cells and tissues, during which energy is released, and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs

Chemiosmosis

Process by which phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP is coupled to the transfer of electron down an electron transport chain. The electron transport chain powers proton pumps that produce a proton gradient across the membrane. ATP is formed as protons diffused through transmembrane channels in ATP synthase.

Citric Acid Cycle/Krebbs Cycle

Series of chemical reactions in an aerobic respiration in which acetal coenzyme a is completely degraded to carbon dioxide and water with the release of metabolic energy that is used to produce ATP

Electron Transport System

A series of chemical reactions during which hydrogen or their electrons are passed, along in electron transport chain from one accepted molecule to another with the release of energy

Fermentation

An anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by a series of redox reactions in which organic compounds serve both as electron donors and terminal electronic acceptors

Lactate

A three carbon organic acid

NADH

Used as an energy intermediate in catabolism

Oxaloacetate

Four carbon compound important intermediate in the citric acid cycle and in the C4 and CAM pathways of carbon fixation in photosynthesis

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The production of ATP using energy, derived from the transfer of electrons in the electron transport system of mitochondria occurs by chemiosmosis

Photophosphorylation

The production of ATP in photosynthesis

Pyruvate

A three carbon compound the end product of glycolysis

Redox Reaction

The chemical reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred from one substance to another

Glycolysis

First stage in cellular respiration, producing a net gain of 2ATP and 2NADH

H+ Gradient

The difference in hydrogen ion concentration across a membrane, created by electron transport chain, and used to store energy for ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis