1.5: Lipids
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20 Terms
What elements do lipids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are lipids soluble and insoluble in?
Soluble in organic solvents e.g alcohols and acetone, insoluble in water
What are the main groups of lipids called?
Triglycerides and phospholipids
How do lipids contribute to the cell membrane?
Their flexibility and the transfer of lipid-soluble substances across them
How are lipids an energy source?
When oxidised, provide 2x energy of carbohydrates & release valuable water
How do lipids waterproof?
They’re insoluble, waxy lipid cuticles in plants & insects, oily secretion from sebaceous glands in mammals
How do lipids insulate?
Slow conductors, can retain body heat when beneath the body surface, also electrical insulators for the myelin sheath
How do lipids protect?
Stored around delicate organs like the kidneys
What are triglycerides made of?
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
What bonds so fatty acids form with glycerol?
Ester bonds
What does saturated mean?
There are non double carbon-carbon bonds
What does monounsaturated mean?
There is one carbon-carbon double bond
What does polyunsaturated mean?
There are multiple carbon-carbon double bonds
How does triglycerides structure relate to their properties?
High ratio of energy storing carbon-hydrogen bonds:carbon atoms, excellent energy source
Low mass:energy ratio, good for storage as more energy in small volume
Insoluble, no affect on water potential
High hydrogen:oxygen ratio, release water when oxidised
How are phospholipids different to triglycerides?
One of the fatty acids form molecules is replaced with a phosphate molecule
What part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
The head
What part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
The tail
What are molecules with 2 ends that behave differently called?
Polar
How does the structure of phospholipids relate to their function?
They are polar, in aqueous environments they form a bilayer in cell membranes
Hydrophilic heads help to hold at surface of cell membrane
Form glycolipids with carbohydrates, important in cell recognition
Lipids test
Add ethanol to sample and shake, add water and shake gently, milky white emulsion forms of lipids are present