Microexam 2

UDPG forms

cell wall

ADPG forms

glycogen

complex I pumps

pumps 4H+

complex II pumps

OH-

complex III pumps

4H+

complex IV products

2H+ and H2O

gluconogenisis

Glycolysis in reverse starts with PEP to produce glucose

purines

double rings (AG) folic acid

pyrimidines

single rings (CTU) aspartic acid

archaea

ether bonds, phytantyl side chains, isoprene units

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids

nuceloside

just sugar and base *no phosphate

negative supercoiling

left turn, loosens strands

positive supercoiling

right turn, tightens strands

DNA gyrase

type II topoisomerase, introduces - supercoiling

where do DNA interactions occur

major groove

Where is phosphate and hydroxyl on DNA

5’ phosphate, 3’ hydroxyl

precursor of nucelotide

deoxynucleoside dNTP

DNA pol synthesis direction

always synthesizes 5’ → 3’

DNA pol adds to

only adds to 3’ hydroxyl group

DNA helicase

unwinds and seperates strands, breaks H bonds not phosphodiester bonds

ligase

seals the remaining piece in RNA replication

Tus proteins

binds to Ter and stops the forks

Tau

connects 2 DNA polymerases together

DNA gyrase

directs super coiling of helices