Musculoskeletal Anatomy Ch1

Elevation

Movement of a body part upward.

Depression

Movement of an elevated body part downward.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb across the palm towards the fingertips.

Retraction

Movement of a body part backward in the transverse plane.

Protraction

Movement of a body part forward in the transverse plane.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Dorisflexion

Movement that points the toes upward the shin.

Planter flexion

Movement that points the toes downward.

Circumduction

Movement in which the distal end of a bone traces a circle.

Supination

Turning the palm up.

Pronation

Turning the palm downward.

Lateral Rotation

Turning outward away from the body’s midline.

Medial Rotation

Turning inward toward the body’s midline.

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface.

Medial

Towards the body’s midline.

Anatomical Position

Standard standing reference position with the palms facing forward.

Anterior

Toward the front or at front of the body.

Posterior

Toward or at the back of the body.

Inferior

Below or away from the head.

Superior

Above, toward the head, or closer to the top of the body.

Lateral

Away from the body’s midline.

Proximal

Closer to the body’s center or a limbs point of attachment.

Distal

Father from the body’s center or a limbs point of attachment.

Deep

Farther from the body’s center surface, more internal.

Dorsal

Posterior or surface such as the back of the hand or top of the foot.

Palmar

Surface of the plan or the hand.

Plantar

Surface of the sole of the foot.

Rotation

Movement around a longitudinal axis.

Adduction

Movement of a bone toward the body’s midline.

Abduction

Movement of a bone away from the body’s midline.

Hyperextension

Movement beyond the normal extended position or range.

Extension

Movement that straightens a joint or increases the angle between bones.

Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between bones at joint.

Transverse Plane

Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior positions.

Frontal Plane

Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Sagittal Plane

Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions.

Appendicular

Division of the body consisting of the limbs.

Axial

Division of the body consisting of the head, neck and trunk.