ARTA ALL REVIEWER FINAL

Humanities, Humanus

__Comes from the Latin word__meaning “refined, cultured, and human.

Humanities

study of the different cultural aspect of man, his frailties in life and how it can be improved.

• records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about life.

Humanities

• These are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts.

• emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions .

• aimed to shape student’s subjective energies (feelings, attitudes and aspirations)

Importance of Humanities

1. Man needs an image of himself.

2. Understanding of his natures.

3. Necessary for the development of a

complete social man.

4. Provides man with a measure of his own

passion and desire.

5. Regulate man’s behavior.

Arts, to put together

__was derived from the Aryan root word “AR” which means “___.

Arts, Ability or Skills

Another origin came from the Latin term “ars”, meaning “__ or __.”

• Hence, covering areas of artistic creativity - embraces the visual arts, literature, music and dance.

• Expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & imagination

Visual Art

arts that are primarily seen and occupies space.

❑Paintings, Sculptures, and Architectures

Auditory Art

this is heard and timed arts, it occupies time.

❑Music and Poetry

Combined or Performing Arts

combination of both visual and auditory elements.

❑Drama, Theatre, Dancing, Cinema, TV, Opera

Visual Art

PAINTING, SCULTURE, ARCHITECTURE example of?

Auditory Art

MUSIC MAPA – SB19, POETRY ADIK – AMPALAYA MONOLOGUE example of?

Combined or Performing Arts

Rak of Aegis Musical, Matatapos Din – MulaSaBuwan2022, Ang Huling El Bimbo The Musical, Maria Clara at Ibarra, Pulang Araw example of?

PURPOSES OF THE ARTS

To Create Beauty

2 To Provide Decoration

3 To Reveal Truth

4 To Immortalize

5 To Express Religious Values

6 To Record and Commemorate Experience

7 To Create Order and Harmony

history

is the systematic study of past events, particularly concerning human experiences, actions, and institutions.

history

It enables us to understand how societies developed, why certain events happened, and what lessons can be drawn from them.

istoia, learning

The term (history) originates from the Greek word ______, meaning “_____,” which highlights its role in providing knowledge and wisdom.

Geschichte, that which has happened

In German, history is termed _____, which means “___________,” emphasizing factual events that shaped humanity.

past of mankind

Today, history generally refers to the “_______,” recorded through sources, narratives, and analysis.

history

is the Study of past events, especially human affairs.

Historical Method

The Process of Critically examining and analyzing the records ans survival of the past

historical sources

are objects, records, or testimonies from the past that historians use to reconstruct and interpret events.

published books, journals, manuscripts, archives, memoirs

example of written

oral history, artifacts, fossils, cultural relics

example of non-written

written or non-written

according to FORM, historical sources can be ______ or ________

primary sources

meaning direct evidence created during the same period by eyewitnesses or participants

Testimony of an eyewitness or contemporary

diaries, autobiographies, artifacts, memoirs

example of primary sources

secondary sources

which are later interpretations or analyses of primary materials

biographies, history books, rumors

example of secondary sources

primary and secondary

According to ORIGIN, sources are classified as ______ and ______

primary sources

created during same period, direct participation

secondary sources

interpretation of primary

historical criticism

is the process of examining sources to determine their authenticity and credibility.

external criticism ( Authenticity)

focuses on verifying whether a document is genuine or fake.

• Deals with the physical nature of the source

checking the date, authorship, style, provenance, semantics, and hermeneutics

methods of external criticism

external criticism

it asks: “Is this document authentic?”

internal criticism

examines the trustworthiness of the content by evaluating the author’s identity, context, mental state, ability, and willingness to tell the truth.

internal criticism

it asks: “Is this account credible?”

detect hoaxes/fakes

purpose of external criticism

test truthfulness

purpose of internal criticism

author’s identity, time/place, ability, willingness

factors of internal criticism

external criticism

genuine or fake, authenticity check

internal criticism

true or false, credibility check

NHCP

Established in 1933 (as PHRMC); aims

to instill pride and awareness of

Filipino heroes through research and

conservation.

National Archives

Includes the Spanish Division of

Archives established after the Treaty of

Paris (1898).

Operates under RA 9470 to ensure

records are accessible and revitalized

for modern identity.

UP Diliman Library

Houses the Filipiniana Collections and the

digital Saliktroniko.

UST Miguel Benavides Library

The oldest university library (founded early 17th

century).

Ateneo Rizal Library

Features the American Historical Collection

(13,000+ books).

PARES

(Portal de Archivos Españoles): A Spanish digital

archive providing free access to Philippine

history during the Spanish occupation.

the tabon man, robert fox, lipuun point palawan, 20000 - 22000 BCE

refers to fossilized human remains discovered by anthropologist ________ in ___________, dating back to around ___________.

homo sapiens

the tabon man is classified as ?

primary source or non-written source

 As a fossil, they are considered a__, __ that provides direct material evidence of prehistoric life.

the tabon man

these fossils are the earliest confirmed evidence of modern humans in the Philippines

Antonio Pigafetta, Antonio Lombardo

_______, also known as _____, was a Venetian nobleman and scholar from Vicenza who served as the official chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition

Primo Viaggio Intorno al Globo Terracqueo

Antonio Pigafetta account, later published as ________ (First Voyage Around the World), remains the most complete record of the journey, offering both geographical discoveries and descriptions of cultures encountered.

1519, Spice Islands, Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, and Victoria.

The voyage, launched in ______ under King Charles I of Spain, aimed to discover a westward route to the ______ (Moluccas). Portugal dominated eastern trade routes, so Spain sought new passage across the Pacific. The fleet consisted of five ships: ____________________________

March 16, 1521 Arrival in Samar (Zamal)

After a grueling Pacific crossing, the fleet sighted Samar, marking the first European landfall in the Philippines.

March 31 First Mass in Limasawa, Father Pedro de Valderrama

The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was celebrated by ________. This marked the symbolic introduction of christianity

April 7 Cebu, Rajah Humabon

The expedition reached Cebu, where Magellan forged an alliance with ______, strengthening Spanish presence.

April 14 Baptism

Humabon (baptized Fernando) and his wife Juana converted to Christianity. Pigafetta recorded the giving of the Santo Niño, which became a revered icon.

April 27 Battle of Mactan, Lapu-Lapu

Magellan was killed by _____ and his warriors, a defining moment of resistance against foreign intrusion.

May 1 Poisoning in Cebu, Enrique of Malacca

Many Spaniards were killed in a betrayal; _______, Magellan’s interpreter, survived.

Geographical Proof

It confirmed that the Earth could be circumnavigated, linking continents and oceans.

Philippine History

It documented the first Mass, baptism, and early Filipino European interactions.

Cultural Record

Pigafetta described native customs, languages, and societies in detail.

Religious Significance

The Santo Niño and Limasawa Mass became milestones of Philippine Christianity.

Resistance and Heroism

His record immortalized Lapu-Lapu as the first Filipino hero.

Antonio Pigafetta

Limasawa

Humabon’s wife, Juana

Mactan, April 27

Enrique of Malacca

• Chronicler: ________

• First Mass: ______, March 31, 1521

• Baptism Gift: Santo Niño to _______, _____

• Magellan’s Death: Killed by Lapu-Lapu at _______, ______

• Survivor: ________, the first person to complete a global circumnavigation

Antonio Pigafetta

Chronicler, nobleman from Vicenza

Santo Nino

Baptism gift to Humabon’s wife

Enrique of Malacca

Only slave/interpreter to survive

1578, Juan de Portocarrero/Plasencia, Customs of the Tagalogs

In _____, _________, better known as _______, a Franciscan missionary, wrote __________, one of the earliest ethnographic accounts of precolonial Filipino society

Juan de Plasencia

documented the political, social, and religious practices of the Tagalog people, providing invaluable insight into their way of life before widespread Spanish colonization.

balangay

The term “barangay” is derived from the word ______, a type of boat used by Austronesian peoples to settle in the Philippine islands.

Datu

Each barangay was ruled by a ____, who served as the political leader, military commander, and judge. The ____ was responsible for protecting his people, enforcing customary laws, and leading the community in war or peace. In return, his subjects were bound by loyalty and service.

30 to 100

The basic political unit of Tagalog society was the barangay, a community consisting of about ______ families.

maharlika

the nobles or warrior class. They were free men who rendered military service to the Datu.

aliping namamahay

commoners who had their own homes and paid tribute or served their master but retained relative independence.

aliping sagigilid

household slaves who lived in their master’s house and had little freedom.

animism

The Tagalogs practiced ______, worshipping a supreme god along with deities of nature and daily life.

bathala

regarded as the “Maker of all things” and the supreme

tala

goddess of the morning star

dian masalanta

goddess of love, conception, and childbirth.

lakapati

deity of fertility and agriculture, often invoked by farmers.

simbahan

Worship took place in ______, open-air temples or sacred spaces where offerings and rituals were conducted.

Catolonan

chief priest or priestess who led rituals / head priest

Magagauay

witches believed to cause diseases.

manyisalat

shamans who broke marriages or cast harmful spells.

Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio in 1892

The _______, founded by _______ in _______, was a secret revolutionary society dedicated to Philippine independence from Spain

Emilio Jacinto, Brain of the Katipunan

While Bonifacio wrote the Dekalogo ng Katipunan as a guide for members, it was _________, known as the “_______,” who produced the more enduring and influential Kartilya ng Katipunan.

Kartilya

The _______ served as the moral and ideological compass of the revolutionaries, outlining values of patriotism, integrity, and equality.

kartilya

Written in simple but powerful language, it emphasized that true membership in the Katipunan required dedication not only to freedom but also to moral uprightness and compassion.

Dedication to a Noble Cause

Life should be devoted to the service of a great and just purpose, particularly the struggle for national freedom.

Equality of All People

Race, wealth, or education should not divide Filipinos; all members of the Katipunan were considered brothers and sisters.

Respect for Women

Women were to be honored and valued as equals and partners in the fight for liberation.

Defense of the Oppressed

Members had a duty to stand with the weak and resist oppression in all forms.

Discipline and Integrity

Time must be valued, promises kept, and honesty upheld at all times.

andres bonifacio

founder of katipunan, wrote Dekalogo ng Katipunan

March 25, 1897 in San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite

The Tejeros Assembly, held on _________ in ________, marked the first formal political election in Philippine history

Magdiwang led by Mariano Alvarez, Magdalo led by Baldomero Aguinaldo

At the time, the Katipunan—the revolutionary society against Spanish rule—was divided into two rival factions: the ______, led by _______, and the _______, led by ________

Mariano Trías

Emiliano Riego de Dios

Andres Bonifacio

Daniel Tirona

Other positions were filled, such as _______ as Vice President and ________ as Director of War. ______ was elected as Director of the Interior, but his appointment was questioned by _______, who argued that Bonifacio lacked formal education for the role.