Flower parts or types of fruit matching

Three regions that make up the fruit called the pericarp

Exocarp, endocarp, mesocarp

Fleshy fruits

Most of the pericarp is fleshy and soft at maturity

Fleshy fruits include

Berries, hesperidium, pepo, drupe

Berries

Developed from compound ovary

Usually contains more than one seed

Berries

Entire pericarp is fleshy

Berries

Berries include

Bananas, grapes, tomatoes, persimmons, peppers, eggplants

Hesperidium

Berry with a leathery skin containing oils (citrus family)

Numerous outgrowths from inner lining of the ovary wall become saclike and swollen with juice as the fruit develops

Hesperidium

Pepo

Thick hard rind at maturity

Pepo includes

All cucurbits: watermelons, pumpkins, cucumbers, squashes, cantaloupes

Drupe

Simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp or pit

Drupe includes

Apricots, cherries, peaches, plums, olives, coconut

Dry fruits

Fruits whose pericarp is dry, hard or brittle at maturity

Dehiscent

Split at maturity

Dehiscent

Legume, follicle, capsule, silique

Indehiscent

Do NOT split at maturity

Indehiscent

Achene, samara, nuts, caryopsis, schizocarp

Legume

Splits along two sides or seams, one carpel

Legume includes

Peas, beans, red bud, peanuts

Follicle

One carpel, splits along one side or seam only

Follicle includes

Milkweed, columbine

Capsule

Two or more carpels

Split from seams or pores

Capsule

Capsule includes

Cotton, poppy, lily

Silique

Two carpels split at maturity leaving a central partition

Mustard family

Silique

Achene

Seed separable from the pericarp

Achene includes

Sunflower seeds

Samara

One or two seeded

Pericarp has winglike extensions which aid in dispersal

Samara

Samara includes

Maple, ash, elm

Nuts

One seeded fruits

Developed from compound ovary

Nuts

Nuts

Hard thickened pericarp

Nuts include

Acorn, hazelnut

Caryopsis

One seeded with seed coat fused to pericarp

Caryopsis includes

Grains, corn, wheat, oats

Schizocarp

Two or more carpels separating at maturity

Each carpel with one seed

Schizocarp

Schizocarp includes

Carrots, dill, parsley, cumin

Aggregate fruits

Fruit formed from several simple ovaries of a single flower

Aggregate fruits include

Blackberry, raspberry, magnolia

Multiple fruit

Fruit develops from ovaries of several flowers born close together on a common axis

Multiple fruit includes

Pineapple, osage orange, mulberry

Accessory fruit

Fruit major portion consists of non-ovulary tissue

Accessory fruit includes

Pome, strawberries

Pome

Endocarp is papery, has accessory tissues

Pome examples

Apples, pears, pomegranite

Strawberries

Real fruits are achenes

Peduncle

Specialized branch at stalk tip

Pedicels

Branchlets of smaller stalks

Corolla

Second whorl of petals in flower

Corolla functions

Attract pollinators (pigments)

Stamen

Attached to receptacle base

Pollen grains develop on anthers

Stamens

Carpels

In center of stamens; stigma connected to ovary by style

Ovary later develops into fruit

Carpels

Stamens

Microspores form a resistant cell wall and become pollen

Stigma

Catches pollen grains

Style

Elevates the stigma

Ovary

Where megaspores are produced

Placentae

Bear small structures called ovules

Hilum

Where ovule attached to ovary wall

Cotyledons

Major role in food storage

Imperfect flowers

Lack either stamens and carpels

Perfect flowers

Have both stamens and carpels

Radially symmetrical flowers

Actinomorphic

Flowers that coevolved with animals are often bilaterally symmetrical, like their pollinators

Zygomorphic flowers

Superior ovaries

Ovary sits above the other flower parts

Intermediate, partially buried ovaries

Half-inferior ovaries

Inferior ovaries

Fused bases of stamens, petals, and sepals