CS QUIZ 1- Alexi Ellis

Computer

A programmable (usually electronic) machine that converts raw data into useful information. General-purpose machines (can be programmed to do different things)

Information Processing Cycle

Process that converts data into information

Whats the order of the Information Processing Cycle

Input, Processing, Storage, Output

Input

Raw data entered

Processing

Raw data manipulated to create useful information

Storage

Information stored for later retrieval

Output

Information returned to the user

Who is Joseph Marie Jacquard

Made of the first programmable machines (Jacquard Loom), punched cards

Who is Charles Babbage

Designed the Analytical Engine, a mechanical computer

Had all the basic components of modern day computers

Programmable (punched cards)

Never completed… technology of the time was too limited

Who is Ada Lovelace

Created programs (on punched cards for Analytical Engine)

Considered to be the first programmer

Who is Alan Turing

Father of AI

Turing Test

Helped break Nazi communication codes during WW2

Who is Grace Hopper

Accidentally coined the term “computer bug”

Created first compilers

Who is Bill Gates

Founded Microsoft

Who is Steve Jobs

Founded Apple

First Generationm (1940)

used vacuum tubes to store and process data

were massive in size

not reliable

extremely slow

programming done by manipulating switches (took days)

ENIAC

first working fully digital general purpose electronic computer (first gen)

UNIVAC

first commercially available computer, famously predicted outcome of 1952 presidential election

Second Generation (1950s)

used transistors to process data

faster, smaller, more reliable, and cheaper than first generation computers

Third Generation (1960s)

Used integrated circuits (computer chips) that contain large numbers of transistors to process data

faster, smaller, more reliable, and cheapter than second generation computers

Fourth Generation (1970s)

extention to the third generation

faster, smaller, more reliable, and cheaper than third generation computers

personal computers developed

Microprocessor

a complex integrated circuit that contains processing circuitry

first developed were as powerful as the ENIAC

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

the main microprocessor in a computer

Moores Law

prediction made in 1965 by Gordon Moore (cofounded Intel)

Said that the number of transistors that could be places on a computer chip would double every 2 years for at least a decade

Binary Number System

2 number system (yes or no, 1 or 0, true or false)

Bit

binary digit

smallest unit of digital/binary data

use to measure transfer rates

Byte

unit of measurement that equals 8 bits

Unicode

developed in 1990s to handle other languages

uses 16 bits (2 bytes) for each character

Put in order: 1 Megabyte, 1 Petabyte, 1 Gigabyte, 1 Kilobyte, 1 Terabyte

Kilobyte (1,000 bytes), Megabyte (1,000,000 bytes), Gigabyte (1,000,000,000 bytes), 1 Terabyte (1,000,000,000,000 bytes), Petabyte (1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes)

Mulit User Computers

Systems that allow multiple simultaneous users to connect to them

more powerful and expensive

Server

A computer that provides services to and/or share resources with client compute

Client

A computer (or device) that requests services from a server

Ergonomics

study of the relationships between workers and their workspaces'

involves heavy use of computers

Grid Computing

Form of distributed computing using a group of computers in one location

Volunteer Computing

Form of distributed computing that uses computers from around the world

Ubiquitous Computing

(invisible computing) technology that recedes into the background and becomes part of the environment

Embedded Computer

A specialized computer that is part of another device (ex. screens on gasoline pumps)

Internet of things (IoT)

the connection of the physical world to the internet

Convergence

The integration of different technologies onto multifunction devices