Chapter 21 Review (Sections 3-5)

This reviews the vocabulary and key ideas for sections 3-5 of Chapter 21. 2026-2027

black nationalism

Belief in a separate identity and racial unity of the African American community, promoted by Malcolm X.

cloture

Tactic used by Congress to end a lengthy debate and call for a vote on a proposed bill.

boycott

Refusing to buy a certain product or use a service.

James Meredith

First African American to attend the University of Mississippi.

Birmingham, Alabama

"The most segregated city in America." - Dr. King

Ross Barnett

Mississippi Governor that tried to block the integration of the University of Mississippi.

March on Washington (1963)

1963, 200,000 people gathered peacefully to encourage Congress to pass a civil rights bill.

filibuster

A tactic where senators prevent a vote by taking the floor and refusing to stop talking.

civil disobedience

Refusing to obey an unjust law, peacefully.

Black Panthers

African American political party that combated police brutality and demanded federal assistance in African American communities.

black power

African American movement seeking unity and self-reliance, often represented by the symbol of a clenched fist.

Martin Luther King

Wrote the speech , "Letter from Birmingham Jail," (1963), stated that it was right to peacefully demand equality.

de jure segregation

Racial separation that is created by law(s).

de facto segregation

Racial separation caused by social conditions like poverty, instead of laws.

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Ratified in 1964 and outlawed the use of poll taxes to keep poor African Americans from voting.

Nation of Islam

A religious group that believed in a "Black Nation," separate from white society. For 12 years, Malcolm X was a member.

television cameras

This revealed to the nation what was happening in the South to peaceful protesters (violently attacked) demanding equality.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Banned literacy tests and prohibited states from blocking the registration of African American voters.

Selma March 1965

A walk over 50 miles to protest African Americans being denied their right to register to vote.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Protects right to vote, banned discrimination and segregation in public places, schools, and employment.