Atomic Structure: Energy Levels and Orbitals

Orbital

A particular space surrounding the nucleus in which an electron might exist, expressed as the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Electron Cloud

The orbital surrounding the nucleus in which an electron might exist.

Principal Quantum Number ($n$)

A quantum number represented by the symbol $(n)$ that holds a positive value equal to $1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6$, or $7$, each indicating a particular energy level.

Energy Level Relationship with Principal Quantum Number

As the value of $(n)$ increases, the energy level increases.

Electron Distance and Energy Relationship

The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the more energy it has because it is less attached to the nucleus; the closer it is, the less energy it has because it is more attached.

Electron Removal from Higher Energy Levels

Electrons in higher energy levels are easier to remove (give away) because they are farther from the nucleus and less attached to it.

Electron Transition

The movement of an electron between different energy levels by gaining or losing energy.

K Primary Energy Level ($n = 1$)

The first primary energy level, which contains only the $s$ secondary energy level.

L Primary Energy Level ($n = 2$)

The second primary energy level, which contains the $s$ and $p$ secondary energy levels.

M Primary Energy Level ($n = 3$)

The third primary energy level, which contains the $s$, $p$, and $d$ secondary energy