WEEK 2 HISTORY

ID TERMS

Universalizing Religions

appeal to a diverse group, adaptable as people move, universal rules that guide, connection with community, support by empires, Proselytizing =trying to convert

Five Pillars of Islam

1) no God but God and Muhammad is the prophet, pray 5x daily facing Mecca, fast during Ramadan, travel on pilgrimage to Mecca if able, pay alms in form of taxation to help the poor

Sunnis

felt that anyone who could properly lead should be the heads of the religions (Abu Bakr), power given to caliphs then Umayyad then Abbasid

Shiites

believed the proper successor should be Ali (married to Muhammad’s daughter) but he was assassinated around 661

Umayyads

(661-750), declared claim to Ali’s legacy, Sunni, move capital to Damascus, hereditary monarchy, fell to Abassi coalition

Abassi (Abassid) Coalition

(750-1258) , overthrew Umayyads, move to Iraq, capital = Baghdad, recruited military from Asia and Amazigh people, Ulama = scholars which became lawmakers, sunni, descendants of Muhammad

Fatimids

Shiites and Amazigh (lineage to Muhammad’s daughter), overthrow Sunnis, Egypt 969 establish capital in al-Fustat

Civil Service Examinations

exams to assess knowledge of Confucian classics (Tang empire)

Jizya

tax for non-muslims

Sufism

sufi=wool, appealed to common people

Mogao Caves

over 700 man made grottos controlled by the nomadic Singu people under Buddhism

Muhammad

(570-632), 610 first revelation, spiritual retreat near Mecca finds God (Allah), prophet, day of judgment, fled to Medina 622 and leads

Wu Zetian

was Li Shimin’s concubine then his sons (Li Zhi) concubine, becomes empress consort and uses her sons to grow her own power, established Zhou Dynasty (690-705), capital moved to Luoyang, expanded Buddhism (Tang)