9B_Control of Gene Expression & Epigenetics Ch. 11

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Ch. 11 Human Genetics Lewis Bio025

Last updated 1:07 AM on 10/8/26
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14 Terms

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Alternative splicing

One method that expands the number of proteins produced from the genome by not requiring a separate gene for every protein.

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Chromatin remodeling

modification of histone proteins that affects chromosome structure and which genes are transcribed (expressed) in certain conditions.

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Differential gene expression

Cells in the same organism transcribe different genes allowing for diverse functions and specialization.

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epigenetic changes

changes that do not alter the DNA sequence but modify gene expression.

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hemoglobin types

Different forms of hemoglobin (varying combinations of alpha, beta, epsilon, gamma, zeta chains) that vary in structure and function allowing for effective oxygen transport at various life stages (embryo, fetus, adult).

<p>Different forms of hemoglobin (varying combinations of alpha, beta, epsilon, gamma, zeta chains) that vary in structure and function allowing for effective oxygen transport at various life stages (embryo, fetus, adult). </p>
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Histone modification

The addition or removal of small chemical groups (methyl and acetyl groups, for example) can decrease or increase transcription of genes.

<p>The addition or removal of small chemical groups (methyl and acetyl groups, for example) can decrease or increase transcription of genes.</p>
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Housekeeping genes

Genes with vital functions in cells and tissue that are always expressed in all cell types.

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MicroRNA

A 21- or 22-base-long RNA that binds to certain mRNAs, blocking their translation into protein. Studying microRNAs can reveal which gene interacts in normal, diseased or cancerous cells.

<p>A 21- or 22-base-long RNA that binds to certain mRNAs, blocking their translation into protein. Studying microRNAs can reveal which gene interacts in normal, diseased or cancerous cells.</p>
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Microproteins

Small peptides (under 100 amino acids long) that bind to larger proteins and affect their function.

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Promoters

Binding sites for RNAP on DNA that can result in different gene expression in different cell types or tissues, varying conditions or developmental stages.

<p>Binding sites for RNAP on DNA that can result in different gene expression in different cell types or tissues, varying conditions or developmental stages.</p>
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Proteomics

Cataloging all of the proteins a specific organelle or cell type makes under specific conditions.

<p>Cataloging all of the proteins a specific organelle or cell type makes under specific conditions.</p>
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single-cell transcriptomics

Identifying all of the mRNA molecules that an individual cell produces at a given time and circumstance.

<p>Identifying all of the mRNA molecules that an individual cell produces at a given time and circumstance.</p>
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transcription factors

proteins that oversee gene expression and can bind to DNA to either promote or inhibit (repress) transcription

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Transcriptome

The collection of mRNA molecules in a cell.

<p>The collection of mRNA molecules in a cell.</p>