AP Bio Lipids

lipids

diverse group of macromolecules with a unifying feature of being mostly hydrophobic,

lipids are hydrophobic because

they consist of hydrocarbons, which are nonpolar, and only a small amount of polar functional groups

lipids are composed of

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus(リン)

lipids are the only class of macromolecules that do not form “true polymers” because

they do not contain monomers that can repeatedly bind to one another to form extensive chains

most biologically important lipids are

fats, phospholipids, steroids

fats are made up of large nonpolar molecules called

triglycerides

triglycerides are formed by bonding together of four monomers

3 fatty acid monomers bonded together to 1 glycerol monomer

fatty acids are linked with glycerol via

ester linkages

the main fuction of fat is

energy storage, fat is used insulate body heat in mammals

fats can be either

saturated or unsaturated

saturated fats contain

fatty acid chain with all single bonds between the carbon atoms(no double bonds)

saturated fats temperature

are usually solid at room temperature, like animal fat

unsaturated fats contain

one or more fatty acids chains that double and triple bonds between carbon atoms, ususally called oils and liquids

phospholipids consist of

one glycerol molecule linked to 2 fatty acids and a modified phosphate group is polar and hydrophilic,

fatty acids are

nonpolar and hydrophobic

phospholipids have structural functions,

being all components for all cell membranes

phospholipids aggregate to form a

lipid bilayer

nonpolar fatty acid tails are oriented towards

the inside of bilayer, away from water

steroids

are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton of four fused carbon skeletons, of 4 fused carbon rings,

like other lipids,

they are nonpolar molecules

choleserol

is a component of animal cell mambranes

sex hormones

help regulate and control the body