Ag science

Chapter 23- animal physiology

What is the difference between mechanical/ physical and chemical digestion?

Physical/mechanical breakdown of food into small smaller pieces chemical breakdown of food by substances known as enzymes

Dental formula of a pig

2(I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 3/3)

Dental formula of a herbivore ( cow, sheep or goat)

2(I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 3/3, M 3/3)

Label the longitude section of a tooth

Chemical digestion in the mouth

>In a monogastric animal, the gland secrete an enzyme called Amalyse

>the amalyse breaks down starch to maltose it is a lubricant

>salivary amalyse breaks down starch, salivary lipase breaks down fat

>the saliva also contains sodium bicarbonate which maintains the pH levels

>keeps the pH between 6.5 and 7.2

Name each coloured part

Yellow-rumen

Red-reticulum

Blue-omasum

Green-abomasum

Describe the reticulum

-Involved in rumination (regurgitation and rechewing of cud)

-spend 3 to 6 hours ruminating a day

-The reticulum has a honeycomb appearance, stones and metal are generally found in the reticulum called puncture reticulum wall

Describe the Omasum

-3rd compartment of the ruminant stomach

-omasum has many folds in it

-gives it a large surface area for the absorption of water

Describe the Abomasum

-The true stomach

-it produces gastric juices(hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes)

-Mucus to protect the wall

-Breaks digestive protein

-Due to the large volume of plant material cat eat the food tends to flow constantly through the abomasum

The Roman and the role of microorganisms

-The rumen is an anaerobic environment. PH ranges of 6.5 to 7.2. It contains billions of microorganisms these microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship with the animal. The bacteria get nutrients. in return they make enzymes to breakdown cellulose and starch by fermentation. The fermentation of these carbohydrates produces volatile fatty acids.

-these microorganisms also make amino acids from non-protein sources

-These microorganisms also make B and K vitamins.

Describe a disorder in their stomach

Bloat when cattle put on early grass specially containing white clover

Create a foam in the room which trapped gas the gas buildup and left side becomes swollen

1 insert tube trim mouth to release gas or anticide solution

2 vet can create an incision in the belly and insert a trocar and cannula drip allowing gas to escape