5.3 Anabolic Pathways

Which type of reaction breaks larger molecules into simpler ones?

Catabolic reactions

Are catabolic reactions exergonic or endergonic?

Exergonic = energy is being released

What reactions build larger molecules from simpler ones?

Anabolic

Are anabolic reactions exergonic or endergonic?

Endergonic = energy is required

Define amphibolic reaction

Reactions that can proceed in either direction (toward catabolism or toward anabolism)

• The same pathway is involved in releasing energy from nutrients as well as providing raw materials for the synthesis of new cellular components

ex → citric acid (Krebs’/tricarboxylic acid (TCA)) cycle

Why is the citric acid cycle amphibolic?

Organisms that use light as their energy source and carbon dioxide as their carbon source are called?

Photoautotrophs

Organisms that use chemical compounds as their energy source and carbon dioxide as their carbon source are called?

Chemoautotrophs

Organisms that use light as their energy source and organic compounds as their carbon source are called?

Photoheterotrophs

Organisms that use chemical compounds as their energy source and organic compounds as their carbon source are called?

Chemoheterotrophs

The process by which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate precursors (e.g., glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids) is called?

Gluconeogenesis

(Gluconeogenesis) Gluco means?

Sugar

(Gluconeogenesis) Neo means?

New

(Gluconeogenesis) Genesis means?

To make

Polysaccharides, such as NAM, NAG, and LPS, can be produced from activated forms of glucose (ADPG or UDPG)

Organisms that use light energy to synthesize their organic compounds (sugars) from carbon dioxide using photosynthesis are called?

Photoautotrophs

*requores specialized pigments

*photosynthesis can be oxygenic or anoxygenic

What is released during oxygenic photosynthesis?

Oxygen (O2)

What is released during anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Doesn’t release oxygen

What are the two parts of photosynthesis?

Light-Dependent Reactions & Light-Independent Reactions