SLP 6460 Exam 2 copy

What are the three main objectives of a speech-language assessment?

Identify whether a communication problem exists, describe its nature and severity, and make appropriate recommendations, including prognosis.

What should an SLP do before beginning an assessment?

Obtain consent, review case history, and gather referral, developmental, medical, and family information.

What are the main procedures in a speech-language evaluation?

Case history, establishing rapport, standardized testing, speech-language sampling, oral motor examination, and hearing screening.

What is rapport, and how can an SLP establish it?

A positive relationship with the client built through age-appropriate conversation, activities, and shared interests.

Why begin standardized testing with easier tasks?

To build confidence and cooperation before introducing more challenging assessments.

What is the difference between formal and informal assessment? Give examples.

Formal assessments use structured tests, while informal assessments include speech-language samples, observations, interviews, and other clinical measures.

What is the purpose of norm-referenced testing?

To compare a child's performance with that of peers in the test's normative sample.

Name articulation and phonological assessment tests.

Articulation: GFTA-II, PAT, Arizona-3. Phonology: HAAP-2 and KLPA.

What is the purpose of a speech-language sample?

To analyze representative, everyday communication and speech-language abilities.

How many utterances should a speech-language sample contain according to the notes?

Approximately 50-100 utterances.

What are the three areas analyzed in a language sample?

Form (syntax, MLU), Content (semantics), and Use (pragmatics).

What are good strategies for eliciting a language sample?

Ask open-ended questions, use toys or stories, allow time for responses, and avoid speaking for the child.

What is the purpose of an oral motor examination?

To examine oral structures and function and investigate anatomical or physiological contributions to communication difficulties.

What do diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks assess?

The speed and regularity of repeated articulatory movements using sequences such as pa-pa-pa and pa-ta-ka.

Which frequencies and intensity are used in the hearing screening.

1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz at 25 dB.

What happens if a child fails a hearing screening?

Refer the child for a full hearing assessment.

What is a family-centered assessment model?

A model involving the family actively in assessment and treatment, especially for young children receiving services through an IFSP.

What is curriculum-based assessment (CBA)?

Evaluating how a student uses language to learn and participate in the school curriculum.

How can an SLP assess a highly unintelligible child?

Use pictures with predictable responses, identify SODA errors and phonological processes, and assess receptive language, hearing, and oral motor function.

How does an SLP make a diagnosis after assessment?

Integrate standardized scores when valid, informal assessment findings, caregiver information, and clinical observations.

What is culturally responsive practice?

Ongoing, evolving practice that considers clients' cultural, linguistic, and personal values.

What are the four components of culturally responsive practice in the notes?

Cultural humility, self-awareness, cultural knowledge, and cultural reciprocity.

What is cultural humility?

Recognizing the value of other cultures and being willing to learn from others.

What is cultural self-awareness?

Reflecting critically on one's own identity, assumptions, and biases.

What is cultural knowledge?

Continuously learning about cultures and experiences different from one's own.

What is cultural reciprocity?

Collaborating with clients and families to understand their perspectives and guide services.

What does ASHA emphasize regarding culturally responsive assessment?

Considering each client's cultural and linguistic characteristics and unique values when providing services.

What is a dialect?

A systematic language variety associated with social or regional groups.

What is linguicism?

Discrimination based on the language or dialect a person speaks.

Why must SLPs distinguish dialect differences from disorders?

Dialect features are rule-governed variations and should not automatically be treated as impairments.

What is African American English (AAE)?

A systematic English dialect with distinctive grammatical and phonological features.

What is zero copula in AAE?

Omission of a copula in permitted contexts, such as he running instead of he is running.

What does habitual "be" indicate in AAE?

A habitual or recurring action, such as he be eating.

Name two additional grammatical features of AAE.

Possible possessive-marker omission and double negatives.

Name three phonological features of AAE.

Final consonant-cluster simplification, final /l, r/ deletion, and weakening or omission of final stops.

What is standardized assessment bias?

When test content or norms disadvantage children from different cultural or linguistic backgrounds.

What is ethnographic interviewing?

Using broad, open-ended questions to understand a family's experiences and perspectives.

What assessment methods can supplement standardized tests for CLD children?

Speech-language samples, ethnographic interviews, and culturally responsive informal assessment.

Name four modifications that may reduce assessment bias.

Allow extra time, change biased items, accept alternative responses, and repeat items to allow code-switching.

Can normative scores be reported after modifying standardized test procedures? Why?

No. Modifications invalidate standard administration and the interpretation of normative scores.

What is the first step after identifying a speech-language impairment?

Review assessment findings and identify deficit areas for intervention goals.

What is the overall purpose of speech-language intervention?

To improve communicative effectiveness, not just isolated speech or language skills.

What should guide selection of language goals?

Functional communication needs, developmental appropriateness, and the child's current abilities.

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

The gap between independent functioning and potential performance with assistance.

How does ZPD relate to goal selection?

Choose achievable targets that challenge skills just beyond the child's independent level.

What is a long-term objective (LTO)?

A broad change in communicative behavior expected during treatment.

What is a short-term objective (STO)?

A measurable step toward achieving a long-term objective.

What three components must a measurable short-term objective include?

Do (behavior), Condition (circumstances or cues), and Criteria (required performance).

What is the "Do" component of an objective?

The observable, measurable action the client will perform, such as naming or pointing to an object.

What is the "Condition" component of an objective?

The situation or support provided, such as given a clinician model or minimal cues.

What is the "Criteria" component of an objective?

The required level of success, such as 8/10 trials or 80% accuracy.

Identify the Do, Condition, and Criteria: "Given pictures, the child will name objects with 80% accuracy."

Do: Name objects. Condition: Given pictures. Criteria: 80% accuracy.

What should an SLP do after establishing LTOs and STOs?

Formulate an intervention plan outlining treatment goals, procedures, and recommendations.

What information is typically included in an intervention plan?

Identifying information, diagnosis, significant background information, objectives, procedures, prognosis, and recommendations.

What should a therapy lesson plan include?

Objectives and rationale, procedures, materials, format, and intervention approach.

What is pre-therapy criterion testing?

Baseline measurement of target performance before intervention begins.

What is post-therapy criterion testing?

Measurement after intervention to evaluate progress toward objectives.

A child scores 2/10 before therapy and 6/10 after. What does this show?

Improvement from 20% to 60%, a gain of 40 percentage points.

Why might an SLP select a target with 0-40% baseline accuracy?

It may represent a greater area of need than a skill already performed at 50% or higher.

Why might mastery be required across three consecutive sessions?

To demonstrate consistent performance rather than success during only one session.