Purdue SOC 100 exam #1

Social institutions

A complex group of interdependent positions that work together to preform a social role and reproduce with each other over time

Social idenity

the way that individuals define themselves in relation to a group they are apart of.

Macro analysis

large scale social structures

Micro analysis

interatctional contexts or small group interactions

mid range analysis

inbetween macro and micro

Comte and positivism

secular morality

positivism

historical stages

comte: theological stage

religion

comte: metaphysical stage

biology

comte: scientific stage

social physics

Martineau

ealiest feminist writers

wrote about the institution of marriage (negative)

Georg simmel

a sociology of numbers of people in groups

social ecology

focused on environmental conditions

why did they use chicago for social ecology

Industrialization, immigration, diversiy

Charles Cooley: looking glass self

idea that self is socially constructed

George Mead

self vs generalized other (born vs developed)

WEB DuBois: double consciousness

experience being a black person while navigating everyday life

Jane Addams

Founded Hull house, regarded as a soical worker due to gender

Emile Durkheim: suicide and anomie

suicide is more likly to happen during anomie states (such as war). Due to fear of the unkown

Max Weber: verstehen

take on the view points of thoes we are studying.

the protestant work ethic (predestination, being chosen by god)

Karl Marx: Histrocial materializm

class confict is the primary cause of social change.

Proletariate: working class

bourgeoisie: capitalist/owner class

helped write the communist manifesto

Takcott parsons: Functionalism

every institution in society serves a purpose. delevloped from organism

social constructs

shared meaning on concepts

positivist sociologist

scientific method

interpetative sociologist

concerned with meanings for behavior

deductive approach

starts with a theory

inductive approach

starts with an empirical observation

spuriousness

relationship between the two variables is explained by a third variable

Moderating variable

affetcs the relationship between the IV and DV

Mediating variable

positioned between the IV and DV like a mechanism

operationalization

how do we mesure a concept

relexivity

thinking about how our reserch affects the participants

social desirability bias

percived stigma impacts the answers of the respondants

paticipent observations

qualitiative way of seeing behavior in a natural setting, large time investment

ethnography

combination of observation, interaction, and interviewing. You could become objective

cross sectional surveys

one point in time

longitudinal

repeted over time

representative

sample looks like population

historical methods

collecting data from the period under study

comparative reserch

comparing two units that differ

manifest content

easily visible

latent

content that is masked

culture

a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices

ethnocentrism

judging other cultures by the standard of your own

cultural lag

time gap between the appearance of a new technology and the words of practices that give it meaning

cultural relativism

the idea that we should recognize differences across cultures without passing judgment on them.

cultural scripts

ex. gender roles

values

moral beliefs

Norms

the ways that values tell us to act

Marxist version

cultural objects reflect the material labor and production relationships that went into making them

hegemony

a condition by which a dominate group uses its power to elicit the voluntary consent of the masses, by using force/dominance

Genie wiley

the girl that never caught up. story about how socilization is really important

turning test

conversation and figuring out if its human or AI

Haddad

observed people on the subway and saw how they interacted

mead, the I

infants only know the I, which is the sense of agency or power

mead the self

as others perceive them

Erik erikson

8 stages that span a persons life, must resolve the conflict to move on to the next stage

concentrated cultivation

middle and upper class. controlled growing up, piano lessons, private school etc.

natural growth

working class/ poor, more authoritarian.

Erving goffman dramaturgical theory

life is a social performance, we are all actors, this is a symbolic interactionist view.

impression management

the goal of every interaction is to make a good impression

backstage goffman

who we are when no one is watching

frontstage goffman

who we are infront of others

breaches goffman

mistakes, often play it off as humor

Cooley, primary groups

family

cooley secondary groups

impersonal, instumental example, labor union.

Asch test

test used to show conformity

Milgram 6 degrees of separation

everyone is connected by 6 people or less

organizational culture

values of the organization

organizational structure

the actual policies

interlocking directorates

members of boards that sit on them for multiple companies

isomorphism

facing similar environmental constraints.

mechanical solidarity

low divison of labor, hunter gatherer

organic solidarity

high division of labor, interdependence

social control

used to create normative compliance

Durkheim: social integration

part of the group

Durkheim: social regulation

rules on behavior

egoistic suicide

too little integration example: protestants

altruistic suicide

too much integration, example: samari

fatalistic suicide

too much regulation example: housewives

Robert mertons strain theory

multiple groups that mean all different things square chart thing