Psychology

Sleep and Dreams

What is Sleep?

Sleep is a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli.

Why is sleep classified as an altered state of consciousness (ASC)?

Sleep is considered an ASC because consciousness differs from normal waking consciousness, particularly in awareness, perception, responsiveness and brain activity.

What are the 2 characteristics of sleep?

Behavioural and Physiological

What are some Physiological Characteristics?

• reduced heart rate

• lowered body temperature

• changes in brainwave activity

What are some Behavioural Characteristics?

• Closed eyes

• minimal movement

• decreased response

What are the types of sleep?

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement)

How long are sleep cycles?

90 mins

What is NREM sleep?

• 3 stages - as they progress the sleep gets deeper and deeper

• Involves the relaxing of muscles

• Slowing down of physiological functions

What is REM sleep?

REM sleep involves vivid dreaming, rapid eye movements, fluctuating heart and breathing rates, and temporary paralysis of voluntary muscles. It is called paradoxical sleep because the brain is highly active while the body remains largely inactive.