Neuroscience exam 3 general Notes

Neuroendocrinology,

Neuroendocrinology

The branch of biology and physiology that studies the interactions between the neurosystem and endocrinsystem

Hormones

Chemicals secreted by cells in glands that act on specific targets to produce physiological effects

Endocrine glands

Release hormones within the body

Exocrine glands

Use ducts to secrete fluids outside of the body

Hypothalumus

Produces neurohormones that go to the pituitary gland

Pituitary Gland

Secretes hormones into the circulatory system

Glands

Release hormones into the blood stream and sends feedback to the brain about needed hormones

1st general principal

Hormones act in a gradual way

2nd general principal

Hormones act by changing the probability of a behavior

3rd general principal

Hormone quantities are affected by the enviornment

4th general principal

Hormones have different effects on different cells

5th general principal

Hormones are secreted in pulsatile patterns (not continuous flow)

6th general principal

Hormones vary rhythmically throughout the day (circadian clocks)

7th general principal

Hormones interact with each other

8th general principle

Hormones only affect cells with corresponding receptors

Peptide Hormones

A string of amino acids. These bind to a specific receptor on the cell surface and then release a second messenger. This causes a cascade effect and acts rapidly.

Amine Hormones

Smaller and simpler Hormones. These bind to a specific receptor on the cell surface and then release a second messenger. This causes a cascade effect and acts rapidly.

Steroid Hormones

Derivatives of cholesterol. These pass through the cell membrane and bind to receptors inside the cell. These regulate gene expression and act slowly.

Neurosteroids

Steroids can convert from one to another and no steroid is exclusive to sex (estrogen and testosterone)