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QUIZ QUESTIONS

What is the best meaning for the term gene expression?

The specific trait or protein coded for by a single gene is actually present

What statement by a healthcare worker would be the first step needed to determine a family's genetic risk?

What medical conditions do your parents have?

What are the expected expressed blood types of children born to a mother who is B/O for blood type and a father who is A/B for blood type?

25% A, 50% B, 0% O, 25% AB

Why does a person with normal chromosomes only have two alleles for any single gene trait?

One allele for the monogenic trait is on the paternally derived chromosome, and the other allele is on the maternally derived chromosome.

What is the result of normal DNA replication?

Formation of two identical sets of DNA

What would be the expected response to a skin injury if the involved tissue had lost the normal cell characteristic of contact inhibition?

Excessive growth of replacement tissue

Phenotype

Correct match:

The observed expression of any given single-gene trait

Genomics

Correct match:

The study of the function of all the nucleotide sequences present within the entire species, including genes and nongene aspects of the DNA

Pharmacogenetics

The use of single gene information in the study of medication development and medication therapy

Genetics

The study of the general mechanisms of heredity and the variation of inherited traits

Which response is the immediate and direct result of fertilization?

Primary sex determination of the zygote

Which feature or characteristic is most critical for protein function or activity?

The sequence of amino acids

What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and proteins?

A gene is a section of DNA that provides the directions for synthesizing a specific protein.

Why are people who have poor DNA repair mechanisms at greater risk for cancer development?

Their somatic mutations are more likely to be permanent.

What would be the expected result of a drug that affected a particular tissue by causing new DNA to form with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds?

The new cells that formed within this tissue would not be able to complete the next round of mitosis successfully.

How does apoptosis contribute to healthy organ and whole-body function?

Removes old or damaged cells from an organ population

How does an acquired mutation in a somatic cell gene leading to cancer development affect a person’s ability to pass on a predisposition for that cancer type to his or her children?

There is no risk of passing on a cancer predisposition to one’s children from a somatic cell mutation.

Jack and Jill go up a hill that has high levels of gamma radiation emission. Jack suffers 10 point mutational events in a noncoding region, and Jill suffers only one frameshift mutation in the insulin gene–coding region of all her pancreatic beta cells. What are the possible and probable outcomes of these events for both people?

Jack will have few, if any, effects on protein synthesis but will have more personal DNA markers; Jill will not produce any functional insulin and will have type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Which genetic process would be disrupted in one cell if it could not form chromosomes?

Delivery of genetic information to new cells

Which event occurs during mitosis?

Daughter cells are produced that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG?

Correct answer:

CCAGTTAGGAATC

Which DNA segment deletion would cause a frameshift mutation?

Answer:

GAGTC

How many different genotypes are possible in any single mature spermatocyte of a man who is heterozygous at a single gene locus for a specific trait?

One