1.12, 1.13: Monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides

spec point

What type of substances are carbohydrates?

organic

What does it mean that carbohydrates are organic substances?

contains carbon and at least one hydrogen

What are the molecules in carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

disaccharides

polysaccharides

What are monosaccharides?

the monomers of carbohydrate
they are simple carbohydrates
they are sugars

Monosaccharides can join together to make…

carbohydrate polymers

What are the names of the different types of monosaccharides formed from molecules with varying numbers of carbon atoms?

triose (3C)

pentose (5C)

hexose (6C)

What type of sugar is glucose?

a hexose sugar

What type of structure do the six carbons that make up glucose form?

a ring structure

• carbons 1-5 form a ring, while carbon 6 sticks out above the ring

What are the two forms of glucose?

alpha (α)

beta (β)

Difference between alpha and beta glucose

• alpha glucose has the H above carbon 1 and the OH group below

  • alpha has the H above

• beta glucose has the H below carbon 1 and the OH group above

  • beta has the H below

What is the main function of monosaccharides?

to store energy within their bonds

When the bonds are broken during ___________, ______ is released

respiration

energy

How is the structure of glucose related to its function as the main energy store for animals and plants?

• it is soluble so can be transported easily

• it has many covalent bonds which store energy

Monosaccharides can combine through ____________ reactions to form larger carbohydrates

condensation

Some monosaccharides are used to form long, structural ______, which can be used as ________ _______ in some cell types

fibres

cellular support

To make monosaccharides more suitable for storage, they are bonded together to form…

disaccharides and polysaccharides