Immune system

Apoptosis

The death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development.

Histamine

A compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.

Immune system

The complex collection of cells and organs that destroys or neutralizes pathogens that would otherwise cause disease or death

Inflammatory response

The __________________ occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.

Lymphocytes

Coordinate the activities of adaptive immunity

Macrophage

Irregularly shaped phagocyte and is the most versatile of the phagocytes in the body.

Natural killer cell (NK)

Is a circulating blood cell that contains cytotoxic (cell-killing) granules in its extensive cytoplasm.

Neutrophils

_____________ are a type of white blood cell that help heals damaged tissues and resolves infections.

Phagocytes

The __________ are the body’s fast-acting, first line of immunological defense against organisms that have breached barrier defenses and have entered the vulnerable tissues of the body.

Self Recognition

Ability to distinguish between self-antigens, those that are normally present in the body, and foreign antigens, those that might be on a potential pathogen.

Antibody

Is any of the group of proteins that binds specifically to pathogen-associated molecules known as antigens.

B cells

Immune cells that function primarily by producing antibodies.

Dendritic Cells

Are antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens.

Lymphocytes

Coordinate the activities of adaptive immunity.

Active immunity

characterized by production of antibodies by the infected person.

Passive immunity

when antibodies come from an outside source.

Naturally acquired immunity

occurs from a natural exposure to a pathogen that triggers an immune response. For example, getting a virus and then developing immunity against the virus.

Artificially acquired immunity

results from a non-natural exposure to a pathogen. For example, a vaccine triggers an immune response. This would then be __________________________.

Artificially acquired passive immunity

would be the administration of antibodies for patients who have damaged immune systems.

Naturally acquired passive immunity

would be a fetus or baby getting antibodies from the mom either during fetal development or by way of breast feeding.

Allergy

An immune response to an inert substance.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. A virus that can trigger Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Lymphatic system

The system of vessels, cells, and organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens from the blood.

Lymph nodes

Small, hollow structures that function to remove debris and pathogens from the lymph, and are thus sometimes referred to as the “filters of the lymph.”

Right Lymphatic Duct

One of the major connections between the lymphatic and circulatory systems at the right subclavian vein.

Thoracic Duct

One of the major connections between the lymphatic and circulatory systems at the left subclavian vein.