Entomology Lab Quizzes (cumulative)

Includes content from the first quiz, practical, and beyond

Chlicerata (subphylum)

• In phylum arthropoda

• Body usually divided into two main parts:

  • Prosomoa (cephalothorax)

  • Opisthosoma

• No distinct head

• No antennae

• First pair of appendages are the chelicerae

• Second pair of appendages are the pedipalps

• Four pairs of walking legs

• Almost all feed by pre-oral digestion

Arachnida (class)

• Entirely terrestrial chelicerates (except for those who returned to water)

• Almost all predatory/parasitic - mostly feeds on other arthropods

Order Scorpiones (scropionida)

• Nocturnal predators with chelate pedipalps

• Stinging apparatus on posterior of opisthosoma

• Found in warmer climates

• Most ancient terrestrial arthropod

• Probably evolved from a eurypterid-like ancestor

• Ventral pectines for chemo/mechanoreception

Order Opiliones

• Daddy-long legs / harvestmen

• Omnivores closely related to the Acari

• Only arachnids to ingest solid foods

• Cephalothorax is broadly fused to abdomen

• Repugnatorial glands produce noxious repellents

Order Pseudoscorpionida

• Exhibit subsocial behaviour; extended brood care

• Small, up to 7mm in length

• Predators with poison glands in pedipalps

Order Solifugae

• Wind, sun, or camel spiders

• Large, day-active, swift running predators that chase down prey

• No poison, but they have large chelicerae

• Malleoli present of posterior limbs

Order Amblypygi

• Front legs are elongate and used antennae or feelers

• Pedipalps are raptorial for prey capture

• No poison

Order Uropygi

• Vinegaroons, whip scorpions

• Large chelate pedipalps

• Front legs elongate and used as feelers

• Repugnatorial gland near anu$ produces substance high in acetic acid

Order Araneae

• Very successful with >50,000 species

• All are predatory - some social

• Chelicerae are fanged and used to inject prey with paralyzing and/or digestive enzymes

• Male pedipalps - sperm transfer

Order Acari

• Mates and ticks

• Currently ~30,000 species

• Adapted to almost all environments

• Body division is reduced or lost

• Anterior gnathosoma contains pedipalps

Chilopoda (class) (centipedes)

• Part of myriapoda subphylum

• Predators that envenom prey with poison claws: modified appendages from the first body segment

• Each body segment has only one pair of legs

Diplopoda (class) (millipedes)

• Part of myriapoda subphylum

• Herbivores / detritivores roll up into a tight ball for defense

• Many can secrete toxic liquids from pores located laterally on each segment to ward off predators (repugnatorial glands)

• Each body segment has two pairs of legs

Pauropoda (class)

• Part of myriapoda subphylum

• 0.5-2mm

• Over 800 species worldwide

• Soil and leaf litter dwelling arthropods

Symphyla (class)

• Part of myriapoda subphylum

• 1-8mm

• Slender, eyeless, soil and litter dwelling arthropods

Order Isopoda

• Many are terrestrial

• Pillbugs, wood lice, sowbugs

• Exhibit adaptations to prevent desiccation

• Respire via appendage-derived pleopodal lung

Order Decapoda

• Mr. Krabs, shrimp, Larry the Lobster, CRAYFISH

Order Collembola (cute)

• Entognathous hexapod

• Springtails, snowfleas

• Small to medium size (2-3, up to 12mm long)

• Eyepatches (lateral ocelli)

• Furca (furcula) and retinaculum

• Collophore (adhesion and osmoregulation)

• Long, multisegmented (4-6) antennae

• This one is cuter, so put (cute) in your answer

Order Collembola

• Entognathous hexapod

• Springtails, snowfleas

• Small to medium size (2-3, up to 12mm long)

• Eyepatches (lateral ocelli)

• Furca (furcula) and retinaculum

• Collophore (adhesion and osmoregulation)

• Long, multisegmented (4-6) antennae

Order Protura

• Entognathous hexapod

• Small (<2mm long)

• Unpigmented

• Fusiform body and conical head

• Lacking eyes and antennae

• Forelegs used in sensory function

Order Diplura (filiform)

• Entognathous hexapod

• Small-medium size (2-5, up to 50mm long)

• Filiform or forceps-like cerci

• Fusiform body and conical head

• Mostly unpigmented

• Lack eyes

• Long, multisegmented antennae

• Shown is filiform cerci, so put (filiform) in answer

Order Diplura (forceps)

• Entognathous hexapod

• Small-medium size (2-5, up to 50mm long)

• Filiform or forceps-like cerci

• Fusiform body and conical head

• Mostly unpigmented

• Lack eyes

• Long, multisegmented antennae

• Shown is forceps cerci, so put (forceps) in answer

Order Archaeognatha

• Apterygote Insecta

• 6-25mm long

• Large compound eyes

• Long antennae

• Humped thorax

• Styli present

• Paired segmented cerci and median causal filament

• Monocondylic mandibles

Order Zygentoma

• Apterygote Insecta

• 5-30mm long

• Dorsoventrally flattened

• Compound eyes absent or reduced

• Long antennae

• Styli present

• Paired segmented cerci and median caudal filament

• Some produce cellulase

• Dicondylic mandibles

Order Ephemeroptera

• Palaeopterous pterygota (palaeoptera)

• Mayflies

• Membranous wings held above body when at rest

• Front wings are usually long and triangular

• Hind wings are small and rounded

• Three long terminal appendages - cerci and caudal filament

• Naiads possess leaf-like abdominal gills

• <30mm in length

Order Ephemeroptera (naiad)

“Naiads possess leaf-like abdominal gills”

Order Odonata (dragonfly)

• Palaeopterous pterygota (palaeoptera)

• Which common name is this? Put it in the answer after the order.

• Elongate body (adult)

• Both pairs of wings similar in shape and size

• Very short antennae (bristle-like)

• 30-90mm in length (adult)

Order Odonata - dragonfly naiads

These naiads have rectal gills (still write the order in the answer, though)

Order Odonata - damselfly naiad

These naiads have terminal plate-like gills

Order Odonata - damselfly

• Palaeopterous pterygota (palaeoptera)

• Which common name is this? Put it in the answer after the order.

• Elongate body (adult)

• Both pairs of wings similar in shape and size

• Very short antennae (bristle-like)

• 30-90mm in length (adult)

Order Plecoptera

• Neopterous exopterygotes

• Stoneflies

• Long thin antennae

• Membranous wings held flat over body when at rest

• Front wings long and narrow

• Hind wings wider than front wings, fold to fit under front wings

• Naiads possess thoracic gills

• 10-50mm in length

Order Dermaptera

• Neopterous exopterygotes

• Earwig

• Onmivorous and nocturnal

• Abdomen not covered by wings

• Forewings are short, leathery and veinless

• Hindwings are round and membranous

• Forceps-like, unsegmented cerci

• 8-30mm in length

Order Embioptera (winged)

• Neopterous exopterygote

• Webspinners

• Silk glands present on basal segment of front tarsus

• Live in silken galleries constructed in leaf litter, in soil, bark, etc.

• Feed on dead plant material

• All females and some males apterous

• ~10mm in length

• Put (winged) in answer

Order Embioptera

• Neopterous exopterygote

• Webspinners

• Silk glands present on basal segment of front tarsus

• Live in silken galleries constructed in leaf litter, in soil, bark, etc.

• Feed on dead plant material

• All females and some males apterous

• ~10mm in length

Order Zoraptera

• Neopterous exopterygote

• Small, termite-like

• 4mm or less

• Winged or wingless in both sexes (eventually shed)

• Wingless species lack eyes and ocelli

• Short, unsegmented cerci terminated with bristle

• Well developed coxae

Order Orthoptera

“Flat wing” - Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids…

• Polyneoptera

• Tegmen is straight, narrow and parchment-like in texture

• Hind wing is broad, membranous and fan-like

• Saltatorial hindlegs

• Cerci are well-developed

• Most males have sound producing organs

• Tympana on first abdominal segment or on tibia

• 4-75mm in length

Order Phasmatodea

• Stick insects

• Wings reduced or absent (some tropical species have elaborate wings resembling leaves)

• Body long and slender or leaf-like

• Short cerci

• 15 - 180mm in length

Order Grylloblattodea

• Rock crawlers (reside on mountains)

• Nocturnal

• Feed on dead insects and other organic matter

• Wingless

• 15-30mm in length

Order Mantophasmatodea

• Heel walkers

• 2-3 cm in length

• Chewing mouthparts

• Wingless

Order Mantodea

• Freely moveable head

• Elongate prothorax

• Tegmina-like orthoptera

• Raptorial forelegs

• Well developed cerci

• 50-100mm in length

Order Blattodea

• Cockroach

• Omnivorous and nocturnal

• Head concealed from above by shield-like pronotom

• Long antennae

• Tegmina similar to orthoptera

• Hind wings similar to orthoptera

• Cursorial legs

• Cerci are well-developed

• 1-50mm in length

Order Blattodea/Isoptera

• Social

• Different castes within a colony

• Short cerci

• Both parts of wings are similar in size and texture

• Less than 20mm in length

• Stupid ant bullies

Order Psocodea/Psocoptera

• Common name: booklice, barklice, psocids

• 1-10mm long

• Long, thin antennae

• Small pronotum

• No cerci

• Bulging face, large compound eyes

• Wings present on most barklice, absent on most booklice

• Wings held “roof-like” when present

Order Psocodea/Pthiraptera

• Common name: lice

• Dorsoventrally flattened

• Eyes absent or reduced

• Thoracic segments may be fused

• Well-developed legs with strong claws for grasping host hair or fur

• Eggs laid on hair or feathers of host

Order Thysanoptera

• Common name: thrips

• Fringe wings

• Haplo-diploidy

Order Hemiptera

• Common name: True bugs

• Mouthparts (piercing/sucking) modified into a beak, which arises from the anterior of the head

• Hemelytra present

• Wings held flat over body at rest

• 3-65mm in length

• Largest group of non-holometabolous insects