Unit 4 review - plankton, bioluminescence, algae

different types of plankton for marine ecology unit 4 test

centric

one of the two major types of diatoms

pennate

one of the two major types of diatoms

Dinoflagellate

Polychaete worm

holoplankton

salps

holoplankton

arrow worm

holoplankton

lobster larva

meroplankton

crab larva

meroplankton

octopus larva

meroplankton

sea star larva

meroplankton

male copepods

copepods

female copepod

copepod

radiolarians

foraminiferans

cladocera - water flea

ostrapods - seed shrimp

mysids - “shrimp-like” crustacean

amphipods

isopods

giant isopod

euphausiids (krill)

crab zoea (larvae)

barnacle cypris

3 main types of algae

Chlorophyta - green algae, rhodophyta- red algae, phaeophyta - brown algae

blades

like leaves on algae

frond

an entire piece/stalk of algae

Air bladders/pneumatocysts

help algae float

stipe

provides structure

Holdfast

holds algae in place

Phycocolloids

algin, carrageenan, agar, alginate

Agal Bloom

when environmental conditions make it possible for algae to grow faster that it is being destroyed

Effects of HABs

effects wildlife and humans, red tide

ecosystems

Organisms interacting with each other and their environment.

Coral reef

A diverse ecosystem built by reef-forming corals, usually in warm, shallow waters.

kelp forest

An underwater ecosystem dominated by large brown algae; provides food and shelter.

Open ocean (pelagic zone)

The water column away from the shore and seafloor; supports plankton, fish, and marine mammals.

deep sea

Deep ocean environments with little or no sunlight, high pressure, and generally cold temperatures.

Salt marsh

A coastal wetland with salt-tolerant grasses, often found in sheltered estuaries.

mangrove forest

A coastal ecosystem of salt-tolerant trees that provide nursery habitat and protect shorelines.

bioluminescence is produced by the compund______ and the enzyme _______

luciferin, luciferase

Luciferin

Light-producing molecule used in bioluminescent reactions.

the spectrum of radiation observed in bioluminescence is very broad ranging from:

violet to red. most common are blue/blue green

Chromophores

the presence of chromophores also affect the spectrum of radiated light

uses of bioluminescence:

defense, attract prey, communication

defense mechanism: night

distract primary predator, make primary predator visible to larger secondary predator

defense mechanism:

repulsion/distraction of predators

catch or attract prey

some predators lure prey by mimicking their signals