farming

Homo Sapiens

means "wise man" or "rational human" in Latin, serving as the scientific classification for modern human beings

Neanderthals

an extinct species of humans that lived in Europe and Asia from about 400,000 to 40,000 years ago

Evolution

the gradual development and unfolding of systems, ideas, or life forms over long periods (humans are most closely related to chimpanzees)

Hunter-Gatherers/Foragers

a human who gets all or most of food from wild plants, animals, and fish instead of farming or raising domestic animals

Nomadic

moving from one place to another instead of living in a permanent home

Egalitarian

a person who believes that all people are equal and deserve the same rights, opportunities and social status

Agricultural Revolution/Neolithic Revolution

the wide-scale transition of human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and permanent settlement

Shortened Birth Interval

a period of fewer than 33 months between two consecutive live births, or less than 24 months between a prior birth and the conception of the next pregnancy

Surplus

an amount of resources, assets or money that is more than what is needed or used

Sedentary

a person, job or lifestyle involving a lot of sitting and very little physical activity or exercise

Domestication of Plants and Animals

the permanent genetic modification of wild species over generations through human control of their breeding, feeding, and survival to better suit human needs

Causation

the study of why and how past events happened, connecting actions, conditions, and decisions to their resulting outcomes

AD stand for "Before Christ" and Anno Domini ("in the year of our Lord"), while BCE and CE stand for "Before the Common Era" and "Common Era"

BC and AD, BCE and CE

Farming and “The State”

Farming created the food surpluses that allowed centralized governments and early states to emerge through taxation and social stratification