Shoulder and Pectoral Muscle Anatomy

Pectoralis major - clavicular head: ORIGIN

Medial clavicle

Pectoralis major - clavicular head: INSERTION

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

Pectoralis major - clavicular head: ACTION

GH flexion, adduction, medial rotation

Pectoralis major - sternal head: ORIGIN

Sternum (and costal cartilages)

Pectoralis major - sternal head: INSERTION

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

Pectoralis major - sternal head: ACTION

GH extension (from flexed position), adduction, medial rotation

Anterior deltoid: ORIGIN

Lateral clavicle

Anterior deltoid: INSERTION

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Anterior deltoid: ACTION

GH flexion, medial rotation

Middle deltoid: ORIGIN

Acromion process

Middle deltoid: INSERTION

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Middle deltoid: ACTION

GH abduction

Posterior deltoid: ORIGIN

Spine of scapula

Posterior deltoid: INSERTION

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Posterior deltoid: ACTION

GH extension, lateral rotation

Pectoralis minor: ORIGIN

Anterior surface of ribs

Pectoralis minor: INSERTION

Coracoid process

Pectoralis minor: ACTION

Scapular protraction, depression, downward rotation

Biceps brachii: ORIGIN

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle; short head: coracoid process

Biceps brachii: INSERTION

Radial tuberosity

Biceps brachii: ACTION

Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination

Coracobrachialis: ORIGIN

Coracoid process

Coracobrachialis: INSERTION

Anteromedial humerus

Coracobrachialis: ACTION

GH flexion, adduction

Trapezius: ORIGIN

External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Trapezius: INSERTION

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

Trapezius: ACTION

Upper: elevation; middle: retraction; lower: depression; all together: upward rotation

Latissimus dorsi: ORIGIN

Spinous processes of thoracic & lumbar vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest

Latissimus dorsi: INSERTION

Medial lip of intertubercular groove

Latissimus dorsi: ACTION

GH extension, adduction, medial rotation

Levator scapulae: ORIGIN

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Levator scapulae: INSERTION

Superior angle of scapula

Levator scapulae: ACTION

Scapular elevation, downward rotation

Rhomboids (major & minor): ORIGIN

C7 and thoracic vertebrae (spinous processes)

Rhomboids (major & minor): INSERTION

Medial (vertebral) border of scapula

Rhomboids (major & minor): ACTION

Scapular retraction, downward rotation, elevation

Serratus anterior: ORIGIN

Anterolateral ribs

Serratus anterior: INSERTION

Medial border (anterior surface) & inferior angle of scapula

Serratus anterior: ACTION

Scapular protraction, upward rotation; holds scapula against ribs (prevents winging)

Supraspinatus (RC): ORIGIN

Supraspinous fossa

Supraspinatus (RC): INSERTION

Greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus (RC): ACTION

GH abduction

Infraspinatus (RC): ORIGIN

Infraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus (RC): INSERTION

Greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus (RC): ACTION

GH lateral rotation

Teres minor (RC): ORIGIN

Lateral border of scapula

Teres minor (RC): INSERTION

Greater tubercle of humerus

Teres minor (RC): ACTION

GH lateral rotation

Subscapularis (RC): ORIGIN

Subscapular fossa

Subscapularis (RC): INSERTION

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Subscapularis (RC): ACTION

GH medial rotation

Teres major: ORIGIN

Inferior angle of scapula

Teres major: INSERTION

Medial lip of intertubercular groove

Teres major: ACTION

GH extension, adduction, medial rotation

Triceps brachii - long head: ORIGIN

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Triceps brachii - long head: INSERTION

Olecranon process of ulna

Triceps brachii - long head: ACTION

Shoulder extension (+ elbow extension)

Biceps brachii: ORIGIN

Scapula (LH supraglenoid tubercle; SH coracoid)

Biceps brachii: ACTION

Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, supination (shortens during supination)

Brachialis: ORIGIN

Distal anterior humerus

Brachialis: INSERTION

Ulnar tuberosity

Brachialis: ACTION

Elbow flexion

Brachioradialis: ORIGIN

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Brachioradialis: INSERTION

Styloid process of radius

Brachioradialis: ACTION

Elbow flexion

Triceps brachii: ORIGIN

LH: infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head: proximal posterolateral humerus; medial head: distal posteromedial humerus

Triceps brachii: INSERTION

Olecranon process of ulna

Triceps brachii: ACTION

Shoulder extension (LH), elbow extension

Anconeus: ORIGIN

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Anconeus: INSERTION

Olecranon process

Anconeus: ACTION

Elbow extension

Pronator teres (superficial): ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle + coronoid process of ulna

Pronator teres (superficial): INSERTION

Middle lateral radius

Pronator teres (superficial): ACTION

Pronation; assists elbow flexion

Flexor carpi radialis (superficial): ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)

Flexor carpi radialis (superficial): INSERTION

Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

Flexor carpi radialis (superficial): ACTION

Wrist flexion, radial deviation

Palmaris longus (superficial): ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)

Palmaris longus (superficial): INSERTION

Palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris longus (superficial): ACTION

Assists wrist flexion

Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial): ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon) + proximal posterior ulna

Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial): INSERTION

Pisiform, base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial): ACTION

Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation

Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate): ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon), ulna AND radius

Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate): INSERTION

Middle phalanx of 4 fingers

Flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate): ACTION

Flexes PIP joints; assists wrist flexion

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep): ORIGIN

Ulna and interosseous membrane

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep): INSERTION

Distal phalanx of 4 fingers

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep): ACTION

Flexes DIP joints; assists PIP & MCP flexion and wrist flexion

Flexor pollicis longus (deep): ORIGIN

Middle anterior radius + interosseous membrane

Flexor pollicis longus (deep): INSERTION

Distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor pollicis longus (deep): ACTION

Flexion of thumb IP joint

Pronator quadratus (deep): ORIGIN

Distal anterior ulna

Pronator quadratus (deep): INSERTION

Distal anterior radius

Pronator quadratus (deep): ACTION

Pronation

Brachioradialis (superficial): ORIGIN

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Brachioradialis (superficial): INSERTION

Styloid process of radius

Brachioradialis (superficial): ACTION

Elbow flexion

Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial): ORIGIN

Lateral supracondylar ridge + lateral epicondyle

Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial): INSERTION

Base of 2nd metacarpal